Size & morphology1
Plant height0.91 m⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.91 m · USDA: 0.914 m · TRY: 1.07 m
Life cycle & reproduction19
After harvest regrowth rateModerate
Coppice potentialNo
DeciduousnessN
Flower conspicuousNo
Life formperennial
Life spanperennial
Lifespan categoryShort
Propagated by bare rootNo
Propagated by bulbNo
Propagated by containerNo
Propagated by cormNo
Propagated by cuttingsNo
Propagated by seedYes
Propagated by sodYes
Propagated by sprigsNo
Propagated by tubersNo
Raunkiær life formhemicryptophyte
Resprout abilityNo
Seedling vigorHigh
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment23
Active growth periodSpring and Summer
Adapted to coarse textured soilsYes
Adapted to fine textured soilsYes
Adapted to medium textured soilsYes
Aquaticterrestrial
BloatNone
Climatemontane tropical
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Foliage colorGreen
Foliage porosity summerModerate
Foliage porosity winterPorous
Foliage textureFine
Growth formherb
Growth form USDARhizomatous
Hedge toleranceNone
Known allelopathNo
Leaf retentionNo
Low growing grassYes
Root depth min12 in
Shape and orientationErect
Small grainYes
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry16
Anaerobic toleranceLow
C:N ratioLow
Caco3 toleranceNone
Cold stratification requiredNo
Drought toleranceMedium
Fertility requirementMedium
Fire resistantNo
Frost free days min365 days
Nitrogen fixation levelNone
Precipitation max70 in
Precipitation min17 in
Shade toleranceHigh
Soil pH max6 pH
Soil pH min5 pH
Specific leaf area (SLA)8.33 mm²/mg
Temperature min40 °F
Uses & economy12
Berry nut seed productNo
Christmas tree productNo
Commercial availabilityNo Known Source
Fodder productNo
Lumber productNo
Naval store productNo
Nursery stock productNo
Palatable humanNo
Post productNo
Pulpwood productNo
ToxicityNone
Veneer productNo
Other traits5
Fall conspicuousNo
Fruit seed conspicuousNo
Fruit seed persistenceNo
Planting density max20 000 per acre
Planting density min5 120 per acre