Equisetum giganteum
speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Equisetum giganteum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation8 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility1 782 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI3 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics3 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Equisetum giganteum, with the common name southern giant horsetail, is a species of horsetail native to South America and Central America, from central Chile east to Brazil and north to southern Mexico.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology2
Life cycle & reproduction3
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment9
Physiology & chemistry1
Compounds documented for Equisetum giganteum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds20 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-((Z)-hex-3-enoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E,2S)-4-[(1R,2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl]but-3-en-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E,2S)-4-[(1R,2R,4S)-1,2,4-trihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl]but-3-en-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1R,3S,6S)-1,5,5-trimethyl-6-[(E,3S)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-((2S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-((E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (4S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-[(E,3S)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (6R,9S)-3-Oxo-alpha-ionol glucoside | present | LOTUS | |
| 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| 7R,8S-Guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-(Coniferyl Alcohol)Ether | present | LOTUS | |
| Cholesterol | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Equisetum giganteum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Equisetum giganteum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2161×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type1 782 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions67 of 155 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 146 |
| Bronx, US | 115 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 79 |
| Chicago, US | 60 |
| San Isidro, AR | 45 |
| Córdoba, AR | 37 |
| Herbario Universidad de Concepciónlocation not on record | 30 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 29 |
| Durango, MX | 27 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 26 |
| Corrientes, AR | 23 |
| Minia, EG | 20 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 18 |
| Blumenau, BR | 18 |
| Valparaiso, CL | 17 |
| Xiamen, CN | 15 |
| Kew, GB | 15 |
| Aarhus, DK | 15 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 14 |
| Bloomington, US | 13 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 13 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 12 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 10 |
| South Kensington, GB | 10 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 9 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 9 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 8 |
| Mexico City, MX | 8 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 8 |
| Tampa, US | 8 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 7 |
| Zürich, CH | 7 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 6 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 6 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 6 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 6 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 6 |
| Berlin, DE | 6 |
| Lake Charles, US | 6 |
| Instituto de Ecología y Sistemáticalocation not on record | 6 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 6 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 6 |
| Fort Worth, US | 6 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 5 |
| Burlington, US | 5 |
| LDlocation not on record | 5 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 5 |
| Philadelphia, US | 5 |
| Davis, US | 4 |
| HUT Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paranálocation not on record | 4 |
| IAPlocation not on record | 4 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 4 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 4 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 4 |
| San José, CR | 4 |
| Nunoa, Santiago, CL | 4 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 3 |
| Sucre, BO | 3 |
| Gutierrez,J. & Carretero, A.C."location not on record | 3 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 3 |
| Quito, EC | 3 |
| Giardini Botanici Hanburylocation not on record | 3 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 3 |
| La Paz, BO | 3 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 3 |
| Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record | 3 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 3 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 3 |
| Salvador, BR | 3 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 2 |
| Iquitos, PE | 2 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFSJlocation not on record | 2 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad Católica de Oriente (UCO)location not on record | 2 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 2 |
| Santarém, BR | 2 |
| Criciúma, BR | 2 |
| Stockholm, SE | 2 |
| Madison, US | 2 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 2 |
| Wlocation not on record | 2 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 2 |
| MAlocation not on record | 2 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Brasília, BR | 2 |
| Austin, US | 2 |
| Cusco, PE | 2 |
| Corporación Autónoma Regional Para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB)location not on record | 2 |
| Castelar, AR | 2 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 2 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 2 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 2 |
| Miami, US | 2 |
| Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UDistrital)location not on record | 2 |
| Calabar, NG | 2 |
| US | 2 |
| Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis (JBBJCM)location not on record | 2 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 2 |
| UChlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Cheney, US | 2 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 2 |
| BMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeirolocation not on record | 1 |
| Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record | 1 |
| COLlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo de Historia Natural de El Salvadorlocation not on record | 1 |
| CUVClocation not on record | 1 |
| MCNAMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Viña del Mar, CL | 1 |
| arosemena tola, EC | 1 |
| Arequipa, PE | 1 |
| Elocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 1 |
| Managua, NI | 1 |
| Universidad de Nariño (UdeNar)location not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Autónoma de Nayaritlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Icesi (ICESI)location not on record | 1 |
| Tapachula, MX | 1 |
| FUVATESlocation not on record | 1 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Provo, US | 1 |
| FPMZBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Riverside, US | 1 |
| Uberlândia, BR | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Göteborg, SE | 1 |
| Universidade Paulistalocation not on record | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Podgorica, ME | 1 |
| Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Ministry of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Goiáslocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 1 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| OTSlocation not on record | 1 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 1 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 1 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 1 |
| PUC-RIOlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ural Federal University "B. N. Yeltsin"location not on record | 1 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Londrina, BR | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Pamplona (UPamplona)location not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Equisetum giganteum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.