Eleutherococcus spinosus

(L.fil.) S.Y.Hu · species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Araliaceae/Eleutherococcus

At a glance

Occurrence records758

Data sources10

Biological traits14

DNA specimens1

eDNA detections10

Sources10 archives

Databases and archives Eleutherococcus spinosus's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation3 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility758 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI10 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics1 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources14 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS11 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF758 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries10 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD1 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 48

01Narrative

Eleutherococcus spinosus is a species of flowering shrub in the ginseng family (Araliaceae). It native to Japan, where it is common species found on the island of Honshu south of Iwate Prefecture.Eleutherococcus spinosus (in Japanese), Flora of Mikawa Its natural habitat is in areas of forest edges.Eleutherococcus spinosus (in Japanese), Okayama University Plant Ecology Laboratory Eleutherococcus spinosus is a deciduous shrub with thorny branches. Its leaves are compound with five leaflets. These leaflets are thickened, long, and have an acute to obtuse apex. In May it produces white umbels of flowers, born on short spurs. Its fruits are black are ripen around July.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPTRYGIFT

Size & morphology3

Seed mass3 mg

Seed mass max3 mg

Seed mass min3 mg

Life cycle & reproduction4

Deciduousnessdeciduous

Life formshrub

Life spanperennial

Raunkiær life formphanerophyte

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment5

Climatetemperate

Climberself-supporting

Epiphyteterrestrial

Growth formtree

⚠ sources differ — GIFT: tree · TRY: Shrub

Woodinesswoody

Physiology & chemistry1

Photosynthetic pathwayC3

03Chemical composition11 compounds

Compounds documented for Eleutherococcus spinosus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile2 classes

Oleanane triterpenoids10

Cinnamic acids and derivatives1

Documented compounds11 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bS)-4a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-10-hydroxy-2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid	present	LOTUS
(2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,12aR,14bS)-4a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid	present	LOTUS
(2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,12aR,14bS)-4a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-9-formyl-10-hydroxy-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid	present	LOTUS
4-Coumaric acid	present	LOTUS
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bS)-2,10-dihydroxy-2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	present	LOTUS
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	present	LOTUS
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,12aR,14bS)-2,10-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	present	LOTUS
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,12aR,14bS)-9-formyl-10-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	present	LOTUS
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,12aR,14bS)-9-formyl-2,10-dihydroxy-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	present	LOTUS
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (2S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,12aR,14bS)-9-formyl-10-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	present	LOTUS

05DNA & barcoding1 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Eleutherococcus spinosus has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens1

Marker genes1

eDNA detections10

Countries1

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK

plant barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Eleutherococcus spinosus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 48 n = 24

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 481×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71

CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — KAWATANI, T., & T. OHNO. 1971. Chromosome numbers of Acanthopanax growing in Japan. Jap. Bot. 46: 349-350.

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type758 records

Wild obs. + sensor85

Museum / vouchered673

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO2 208 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy12% within 1 km

≤100 m 5≤10 km 23>10 km 14

42 georeferenced · 43 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor85

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy16% within 1 km

≤1 km 25≤10 km 128

153 georeferenced · 520 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence673

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions16 of 32 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Nagano City, JP	147
Tsukuba, JP	134
Shinshu Universitylocation not on record	119
Toyama, JP	41
Tomioka, JP	38
Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukubalocation not on record	29
JP	28
Iwate Prefectural Museumlocation not on record	22
Fukushima Universitylocation not on record	17
FFPRIlocation not on record	15
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institutelocation not on record	8
Nishihara, JP	8
Nishihara, JP	6
Xiamen, CN	5
Bando, JP	4
Sendai, JP	4
Omachi Alpine Museumlocation not on record	4
KOMlocation not on record	3
Hokkaido University Museumlocation not on record	3
Osaka, JP	3
SIHUlocation not on record	3
Kawasaki Shi Tama Ku, JP	2
J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record	2
Otaru, JP	1
Taipei, TW	1
KIRMlocation not on record	1
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record	1
BClocation not on record	1
Wlocation not on record	1
Oiso Municipal Museumlocation not on record	1
Stockholm, SE	1
Kochi, JP	1

32 institutions · 654 of 673 vouchered records shown · 19 without an institution code

09Environmental DNA10 detections

Where the DNA of Eleutherococcus spinosus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found10

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 10 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median21.6 °C 14.4–24.2

Seasonal swing summer↔winter23.9 °C

Max temp (day)24.5 °C 17.5–27.3

Min temp (night)17.2 °C 9.50–20.1

Precipitation217 mm/mo 180–337

Air humidity63.5 % 62.1–67.8

Moisture balance130 mm/mo 55.9–205

Vapour deficit940 Pa 614–1,106

Wind speed2.20 m/s 1.80–3.00

Cloud cover43.5 % 36.0–48.3

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 9 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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