Eleutherine bulbosa
(Mill.) Urb. · speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Eleutherine bulbosa's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation4 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility324 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI3 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics3 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotypeEvery layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Eleutherine bulbosa is an herbaceous, perennial flowering plant species in the family Iridaceae. Among Spanish-speakers, the plant is known as lagrimas de la virgen ("tears of the virgin"). Like other Eleutherine species, E. bulbosa has a bulbous rootstock; a large subapical cauline leaf; and small, white, stellate, evening-blooming flowers. E. bulbosa grows in southern Mexico and in the Amazon rainforest, within the borders of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, in addition to the Brazilian states of Amapá and Acre. It is widely cultivated for its medicinal properties. Like E. latifolia, E. bulbosa has a basic chromosome number of x=6 (2n=12); it also has a similar bimodal karyotype, which is distinctive to this plant tribe (Tigridieae); all other genera of the tribe have x=7. Usually, E. bulbosa has a heteromorphic long chromosome pair, the result of a pericentric inversion in one of the long chromosomes, which makes it sexually sterile.Peter Goldblatt and Neil Snow. 1991. Systematics and Chromosome Cytology of Eleutherine Herbert (Iridaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 78, No. 4 (1991), pp. 942-949. Rahenna described a subspecies in 1965: E. bulbosa subsp. citriodora.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology1
Life cycle & reproduction4
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment9
Physiology & chemistry1
Compounds documented for Eleutherine bulbosa across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds42 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Eleutherin | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,10R,12R,14R)-7-methoxy-14-methyl-13-oxatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,12.03,8]pentadeca-3(8),4,6-triene-2,9-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,3R)-5,10-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-9-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromene-5,10-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,3S)-9-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromene-5,10-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-9-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromene-5,10-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R)-8,10-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]chromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(1R,3R)-10-hydroxy-9-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-5-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(1R,3S)-10-hydroxy-9-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-5-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(1R,3R)-10-hydroxy-9-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-5-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Eleutherine bulbosa has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Eleutherine bulbosa carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1210×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
n 63×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
n 71×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
Record type324 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions31 of 70 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Durango, MX | 26 |
| Bronx, US | 21 |
| Saint Louis, US | 21 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 15 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 12 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 11 |
| Kew, GB | 7 |
| Durban, ZA | 6 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 6 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 6 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 6 |
| Brasília, BR | 5 |
| Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologielocation not on record | 4 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 3 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 3 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 3 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 3 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 3 |
| Aarhus, DK | 3 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 3 |
| Xiamen, CN | 3 |
| UFPIlocation not on record | 3 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| IECOSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Dresden, DE | 2 |
| Kagoshima, JP | 2 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 2 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 2 |
| UEMAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 2 |
| Anton de Kom University of Surinamelocation not on record | 2 |
| Brasília, BR | 2 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 2 |
| Santarém, BR | 2 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| Quito, EC | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 1 |
| arosemena tola, EC | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Córdoba, AR | 1 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| Masindi, UG | 1 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNITINSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 1 |
| San Francisco, US | 1 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cruz das Almas, BR | 1 |
| RBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 1 |
| Madison, US | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Goiáslocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 1 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Eleutherine bulbosa was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.