Dirca palustris
speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Dirca palustris's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility7 189 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI17 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics29 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Dirca palustris, or eastern leatherwood, is a shrub that grows to a maximum height of about three meters. It is native to the eastern half of North America but abundant only locally. It is most likely to be encountered in the northern part of its range, and is a dominant shrub in some hardwood forests of the upper Great Lakes Region. Rich woods, swampy in some cases, provide its main habitat, and it is occasionally cultivated. The species name, "palustris", means "of the swamps," although it also occurs in well-drained areas provided that the soils are moisture-retentive. It is often hard to recognize because the flowers, which come out just before leafing, last a very short time and D. palustris may be mixed in with the much more frequent Spicebush, which also has small yellow flowers that appear before the leaves and do so at just about the same time in the early spring. Its closest relative, the western leatherwood, lives across the continent in the San Francisco Bay Area.Archibald William Smith D. palustris branches and leaves. Near North Fork Mountain, West Virginia, USA D. palustris habit. Taxus canadensis (Canadian yew) to rear. Forested ravine in western Indiana, USA Botanical plate
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology1
Life cycle & reproduction6
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment7
Physiology & chemistry4
Compounds documented for Dirca palustris across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds48 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-4,9-dihydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bS)-9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-2-oxo-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-1,10-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14,14a,14b-hexadecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[3-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-2,5-dimethoxyphenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| 1,3-Dilinoleoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol | present | LOTUS | |
| 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-Linoleoyl Glycerol | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-7-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Dirca palustris has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Dirca palustris carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type7 189 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions77 of 118 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Madison, US | 169 |
| St. Paul, US | 141 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 117 |
| Philadelphia, US | 78 |
| Toronto, CA | 78 |
| Bloomington, US | 78 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 74 |
| Québec, CA | 73 |
| Durham, US | 62 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 57 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 57 |
| New Haven, US | 55 |
| Burlington, US | 47 |
| Green Bay, US | 43 |
| Saint Louis, US | 40 |
| Longwood Universitylocation not on record | 37 |
| Bangkok, TH | 28 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 28 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 25 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 24 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 20 |
| Saint John, CA | 19 |
| Jackson, US | 16 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 15 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 14 |
| US | 12 |
| Williamsburg, US | 11 |
| Montréal, CA | 11 |
| Philadelphia, US | 11 |
| Bronx, US | 11 |
| Columbia, US | 11 |
| Richmond, US | 10 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 9 |
| Dekalb, US | 9 |
| Beijing, CN | 8 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 8 |
| Logan, US | 8 |
| Kew, GB | 7 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 7 |
| Knoxville, US | 7 |
| Whitewater, US | 6 |
| Allentown, US | 6 |
| Little Rock, US | 6 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Morgantown, US | 6 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| GAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Kingston, US | 5 |
| Claremont, US | 5 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 5 |
| Paris, FR | 5 |
| Miami, US | 5 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 5 |
| Davenport, US | 5 |
| West Virginia Wesleyan Collegelocation not on record | 4 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 4 |
| Smithsonian Institutionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Fayetteville, US | 4 |
| Vancouver, CA | 4 |
| Norfolk, US | 4 |
| Moscow, US | 3 |
| Long Beach, US | 3 |
| Northridge, US | 3 |
| Asheville, US | 3 |
| GB | 3 |
| Trois-Rivières, CA | 3 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 2 |
| Oswego, US | 2 |
| Riverside, US | 2 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 2 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 2 |
| Staten Island, US | 2 |
| Chadron, US | 2 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 2 |
| Macomb, US | 2 |
| DULlocation not on record | 2 |
| Flagstaff, US | 2 |
| Durham, US | 2 |
| Fairfax, US | 2 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tempe, US | 2 |
| South Kensington, GB | 2 |
| Millersville, US | 2 |
| Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record | 2 |
| Montréal, CA | 2 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fort Worth, US | 1 |
| Waverly, US | 1 |
| Due West, US | 1 |
| Decorah, US | 1 |
| Springfield, US | 1 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Hudson, US | 1 |
| Johnson City, US | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 1 |
| Pittsburg, US | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| McGill University, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Ontario Museum, Green Plant Herbarium (TRT)location not on record | 1 |
| University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Black Rock Forest Consortiumlocation not on record | 1 |
| LINUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bruce Peninsula National Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 1 |
| San Angelo, US | 1 |
| Meguro Parasitological Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Trondheim, NO | 1 |
| College Park, US | 1 |
| Mississippi State, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Dirca palustris was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.