Diospyros lycioides

Desf. · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ebenaceae/Diospyros

At a glance

Occurrence records1 650

Data sources11

Biological traits36

DNA specimens6

eDNA detections4

Sources11 archives

Databases and archives Diospyros lycioides's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility1 650 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI4 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics6 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗

GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources36 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS13 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF1 650 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 2 countries4 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD6 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 30

01Narrative

Diospyros lycioides, commonly called the bushveld bluebush, is a species of African Diospyros, trees and shrubs in the family Ebenaceae. It is native to central and southern Africa, except the winter-rainfall area. It grows in Australia and is known as a weed there. Many parts of the plant are used: the wood, the roots and stems for toothbrushes, the fruits for alcoholic drinks, and the roots and bark in traditional medicine. It can form thickets, and it usually grows up to three meters high, though at its tallest it can be eight meters. It is one of twenty species of Diospyros in Africa. It has 3-4 subspecies, including D. l. subsp. lycioides, D. l. subsp. guerkei, D. l. subsp. nitens, and D. l. subsp. sericea.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPGIFTTRY

Size & morphology9

Plant height3 m

⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 3 m · TRY: 6 m

Plant height max7 m

Plant height min0.6 m

Seed mass102 mg

⚠ sources differ — TRY: 102 mg · GIFT: 120 mg

Seed mass max139 mg

Seed mass min86.86 mg

Seed volume380 mm³

Seed volume max380 mm³

Seed volume min380 mm³

Life cycle & reproduction9

Deciduousnessevergreen

Dehiscenceindehiscent

Dispersal typeanimal

Life formshrub or tree

Life spanperennial

Pollination modebiotic

Pollination syndrome detailedbee

Raunkiær life formphanerophyte

Self fertilizationabsent

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment10

Aquaticterrestrial

Climatedesert or dry shrubland

Climberself-supporting

Elevation max2 700 m

Elevation min12 m

Epiphyteterrestrial

Fruit fleshinessfleshy

Fruit typeberry

Growth formshrub

Woodinesswoody

Physiology & chemistry7

Leaf C:N ratio28.26 g/g

Leaf c428 mg/g

Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)529 mg/g

Leaf n17.72 mg/g

Leaf p1.05 mg/g

Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer

Specific leaf area (SLA)10.48 mm²/mg

03Chemical composition13 compounds

Compounds documented for Diospyros lycioides across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile4 classes

Anthraquinones and anthrones6

Naphthoquinones4

Lupane triterpenoids1

Ursane and Taraxastane triterpenoids1

Documented compounds13 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(+)-Ursolic Acid	present	LOTUS
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4,8-dihydroxy-6-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)oxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol	present	LOTUS
(4R)-8-hydroxy-2-[(4R)-8-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1-oxo-4H-naphthalen-2-yl]-4-methoxy-6-methyl-4H-naphthalen-1-one	present	LOTUS
5-[1,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxynaphthalen-2-yl]-8-hydroxy-6-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione	present	LOTUS
6,11,18-trihydroxy-3,20-dimethyl-16-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-12-oxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.05,10.017,21]henicosa-1(20),2,5,7,9,13(21),14,16,18-nonaen-4-one	present	LOTUS
6,11,18-trihydroxy-3,20-dimethyl-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-16-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-12-oxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.05,10.017,21]henicosa-1(20),2,5,7,9,13(21),14,16,18-nonaen-4-one	present	LOTUS
6-[4,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxynaphthalen-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-7-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione	present	LOTUS
8-Hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione	present	LOTUS
8-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxynaphthalene-1,4-dione	present	LOTUS
Juglone	present	LOTUS

05DNA & barcoding6 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Diospyros lycioides has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens6

Marker genes2

eDNA detections4

Countries2

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK★rbcLa

plant barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Diospyros lycioides carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 30 n = 15

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome records30–602n range45median30mode2records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 301×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — White, F. & C. G. Vosa. 1980. The chromosome cytology of African Ebenaceae with special reference to polyploidy. Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2 2, 53: 275–297.

2n 601×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — White, F. & C. G. Vosa. 1980. The chromosome cytology of African Ebenaceae with special reference to polyploidy. Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2 2, 53: 275–297.

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type1 650 records

Wild obs. + sensor1 526

Museum / vouchered121

Cultivated / captive1

Other2

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO4 448 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy95% within 1 km

≤100 m 917≤1 km 163≤10 km 46>10 km 16

1 142 georeferenced · 384 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor1 526

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy64% within 1 km

≤100 m 1≤1 km 6≤10 km 4

11 georeferenced · 110 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence121

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy100% within 1 km

≤1 km 1

1 georeferenced

Open the mapnot free-living1

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions12 of 20 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Kew, GB	11
Saint Louis, US	5
Bronx, US	4
Irvine, US	2
Pretoria, ZA	2
MeiseBGlocation not on record	2
Claremont, US	1
Plocation not on record	1
Mount Makulu Central Research Stationlocation not on record	1
University of Johannesburglocation not on record	1
Cape Town, ZA	1
Dekalb, US	1
Zürich, CH	1
Uppsala, SE	1
Miami, US	1
Division of Forest Researchlocation not on record	1
Glocation not on record	1
South Kensington, GB	1
WAGlocation not on record	1
University of Johannesburg, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnologylocation not on record	1

20 institutions · 40 of 121 vouchered records shown · 81 without an institution code

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA4 detections

Where the DNA of Diospyros lycioides was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found4

Studies independent surveys1

Countries2

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 4 detections have coordinates

Open the map2 countries0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median19.0 °C 17.2–23.6

Seasonal swing summer↔winter9.10 °C

Max temp (day)25.0 °C 23.9–30.0

Min temp (night)13.2 °C 11.1–17.0

Precipitation17.8 mm/mo 14.7–38.6

Air humidity54.9 % 48.3–55.4

Moisture balance-88.0 mm/mo -136–-75.7

Vapour deficit994 Pa 876–1,539

Wind speed2.50 m/s 2.10–3.90

Cloud cover16.4 % 14.1–26.1

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 4 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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Diospyros lycioides

At a glance

Sources11 archives

Size & morphology9

Life cycle & reproduction9

Diet & foraging1

Habitat & environment10

Physiology & chemistry7

Compound class profile4 classes

Documented compounds13 total

At a glance

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

Record type1 650 records

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions12 of 20 geolocated

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Modelled climatemodelled

Record type1 650 records