Datura innoxia
Mill. · speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records7 909
Data sources9
Biological traits47
DNA specimens0
eDNA detections24
Sources9 archives
Databases and archives Datura innoxia's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation1 languages↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility7 909 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI24 eDNA detections↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗On this page6 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements4 literature sources47 traits
Chemical compositionDukesPhytochem · LOTUS68 compounds
Occurrence & distributionGBIF7 909 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 4 countries24 detections
Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 24
01Narrative
Datura innoxia (often spelled inoxia), known as pricklyburr, recurved thorn-apple, downy thorn-apple, Indian-apple, lovache, moonflower, nacazcul, toloatzin, toloaxihuitl, tolguache or toloache, is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae. It is more rarely called sacred datura, a common name which is applied more often to the closely related Datura wrightii. It is native to the Southwestern United States, Central and South America, and introduced in Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe. The scientific name is often cited as D. innoxia. When English botanist Philip Miller first described the species in 1768, he misspelled the Latin word innoxia (inoffensive) when naming it D. inoxia. The name Datura meteloides was for some time erroneously applied to some members of the species, but that name has now been abandoned.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesLEDAGIFTAusTraitsWCVP
Size & morphology16
Fruit length42.5 mm
Fruit width40 mm
Leaf length160 mm
Leaf length max200 mm
Leaf length min40 mm
Leaf width67.5 mm
Leaf width max120 mm
Leaf width min13 mm
Petiole length10 cm
Plant height1 m
Plant height max2 m
Plant height min0.3 m
Seed length4.75 mm
Seed mass16 mg
Seed mass max123 mg
Seed mass min8.8 mg
Life cycle & reproduction13
Dehiscencedehiscent
Flower colourwhite
Flower length max165 mm
Flower length min140 mm
Flowering endOct
Flowering startAug
Flowering timeyynnnnnnnnny
Life formannual or perennial
Life spanannual
Pollination modebiotic
Pollination syndromeinsect
Raunkiær life formtherophyte
Sex typehermaphrodite
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment14
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatesubtropical
Climberself-supporting
Elevation max1 600 m
Elevation min0 m
Epiphyteterrestrial
Fruit fleshinessdry
Fruit typecapsule
Growth formherb
Habitat GIFTÁrea Antrópica, Caatinga (stricto sensu)
Leaf compoundnesssimple
Leaf formelliptic
Leaf shapewidely_ovate
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry2
Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Other traits1
Defenseyes
03Chemical composition68 compounds
Compounds documented for Datura innoxia across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
💊 Medicinal use documented
Compound class profile4 classes
Tropane alkaloids31
Ergostane steroids13
Oleanane triterpenoids2
Purine alkaloids1
Documented compounds68 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAT | 220,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PROTEIN | 200,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ALKALOIDS | 7,700 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| SCOPOLAMINE | 3,850 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| HYOSCYAMINE | 3,100 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
05DNA & barcoding24 eDNA hits
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Datura innoxia has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
eDNA detections24
Countries4
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manual Datura innoxia carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 24 n = 12
Ploidydiploid inferred
Chromosome records24–242n range24median24mode27records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 2427×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +5
CCDB · ita-fl — PAGNI A.M., CORSI G. - 1979. Cariologia di alcune specie d'interesse officinale della flora italiana.. Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa. Mem., ser. B , 86: 465-473.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Ma, X. H., R. L. Qin & W. B. Xing. 1985. Chromosome observation of twenty species of drug plants in Xingjiang. Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 149–154.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Ge, C. j. & P. Lou. 1990. Cytological study on Datura inermis and D. innoxia. J. Shandong Coll. Traditional Chin. Med. 14: 66–67.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Cawood, A.H. & J. K. Jones. 1980. Chromosome behaviour during meiotic prophase in the Solanaceae. Chromosoma 80: 57–68.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Palomino, G., R. Viveros & J. R. A. Bye. 1988. Cytology of five Mexican species of Datura L. (Solanaceae). S. W. Naturalist 33: 85–90.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Sinha, A. K. 1991. Biosystematic studies in two species of Datura. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. 78(3,VIII): 83.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Badr, A., S. F. Khalifa, A. I. Aboel-Atta & M. M. Abou-El-Enain. 1997. Chromosomal criteria and taxonomic relationships in the Solanaceae. Cytologia 62: 103–113.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Al-Turki, T. A., S. A. Filfilan & S. F. Mehmood. 2000. A cytological study of flowering plants from Saudi Arabia. Willdenowia 30: 339–358.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — BAQUAR, S.R. 1967. Cytomorphological studies in the family Solanaceae from West Pakistan. Genetica 38: 388-397
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Blakeslee, A.F. et al. 1935; Buchholz, J.T. et al. 1935 ; Sobti, S.N. & Singh, S.D. 1961 ; Baquar, S.R. 1967a ; Gill, L.S. 1972
CCDB · book-fedorov — Blakeslee et al. 1935
CCDB · book-fedorov — Buchholz et al. 1935
CCDB · book-fedorov — Sobti, Singh 1961
CCDB · book-fedorov — Vilmorin, Simonet 1928 muttc
CCDB · book-fedorov — Heiser, Whitaker 1948 niger
CCDB · book-fedorov — Satina 1953
CCDB · book-fedorov — Snow 1959
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — Satina 1953
CCDB · kew — Bennett MD, Smith JB. 1976. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 274: 227-274.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Avery, A. G., Satina, S. & Rietsema, J. (1959). Blakeslee: the genus Datura. Chron. Bot. 20: 1-289.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Glisic, L. M. (1928). Zur entwicklungsgeschichte der Solanaceen. Die endospermbildung von Datura metel L. Bull. Inst. Jard. Bot. Univ. Belgrade 1: 75-85.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Badr, A., Khalifa, S. F., Aboel-Atta, A. I. & Abou-El-Enain, M. M. (1997). Chromosomal criteria and taxonomic relationships in the Solanaceae Cytologia 62: 103-113
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Palomino, G., R. Viveros & R. A. Bye, Jr. (1988). Cytology of five Mexican species of Datura L. (Solanaceae) The Southwestern Naturalist 33: 85-90
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Sinha, A. K. (1991). Biosystematic studies in two species of Datura Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress Association 78(3,VIII): 83
n 1217×CCDB · solan · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn72 +4
CCDB · solan
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Bir, S. S., S. Kumari, S. P. Shoree & M. S. Sagoo. 1978. Cytological studies in certain Bicarpellatae from north and central India. J. Cytol. Genet. 13: 99–106.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Bir, S. S. & Neelam. 1984. SOCGI plant chromosome number reports -- II. J. Cytol. Genet. 19: 113–114.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Husaini, S. W. H. & G. A. Iwo. 1990. Cytomorphological studies in some weedy species of the family Solanaceae from Jos Plateau, Nigeria. Feddes Repert. 101: 41–47.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Cawood, A.H. & J. K. Jones. 1980. Chromosome behaviour during meiotic prophase in the Solanaceae. Chromosoma 80: 57–68.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Sinha, A. K. 1991. Biosystematic studies in two species of Datura. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. 78(3,VIII): 83.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Khatoon, S. & S. I. Ali. 1993. Chromosome Atlas of the Angiosperms of Pakistan. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
CCDB · book-ipcn72 — GILL, L.S. 1972. Chromosome numbers in West-Himalayan bicarpellate species II. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 99: 36-38.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — BAQUAR, S.R. 1967. Cytomorphological studies in the family Solanaceae from West Pakistan. Genetica 38: 388-397
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Koul et al. 1976b
CCDB · Cave1959 — Snow 1959
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Baquar, S. R. (1967). Cytomorphological studies in the family Solanaceae from West Pakistan Genetica 38: 388-397.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Khatoon, S. & Ali, S. I. (1993). Chromosome Atlas of the Angiosperms of Pakistan. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Sinha, A. K. (1991). Biosystematic studies in two species of Datura Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress Association 78(3,VIII): 83
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type7 909 records
Wild obs. + sensor5 775
Museum / vouchered2 046
Other88
Origin
Native129
Introduced181
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO19 248 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy78% within 1 km
≤100 m 2 350≤1 km 811≤10 km 718>10 km 177
4 056 georeferenced · 1 719 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor5 775
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy68% within 1 km
≤100 m 580≤1 km 130≤10 km 266>10 km 66
1 042 georeferenced · 1 004 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence2 046
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions135 of 249 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Durango, MX | 150 |
| Mexico City, MX | 109 |
| Saint Louis, US | 96 |
| ROM020location not on record | 81 |
| Brisbane, AU | 74 |
| Adelaide, AU | 61 |
| Bronx, US | 51 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 50 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 49 |
| Córdoba, AR | 48 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 38 |
| Austin, US | 37 |
| Canberra, AU | 36 |
| Anchorage, US | 34 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 32 |
| Kensington, AU | 31 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 31 |
| Kew, GB | 31 |
| LDlocation not on record | 26 |
| San Isidro, AR | 26 |
| Allentown, US | 25 |
| Beijing, CN | 24 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 24 |
| Guasave, MX | 23 |
| Paris, FR | 23 |
| South Kensington, GB | 21 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 19 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 19 |
| Smithfield, AU | 18 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 18 |
| Palmerston, AU | 16 |
| València, ES | 15 |
| Mexico City, MX | 15 |
| Zacatecas, MX | 14 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 14 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 12 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 12 |
| Calabar, NG | 11 |
| Tlalnepantla, MX | 11 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 10 |
| MAlocation not on record | 10 |
| Nanjing, CN | 9 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 9 |
| Cambridge, US | 9 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 9 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 9 |
| Badajoz, ES | 8 |
| Culiacán, MX | 8 |
| Mérida, MX | 8 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 8 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 7 |
| Riverside, US | 7 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 7 |
| GMBAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)location not on record | 7 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 7 |
| Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinicalocation not on record | 7 |
| Hermosillo, MX | 6 |
| Miami, US | 6 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique / Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoleslocation not on record | 6 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 6 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 6 |
| Vancouver, CA | 6 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 6 |
| Wuhan, CN | 5 |
| BClocation not on record | 5 |
| Stockholm, SE | 5 |
| New Haven, US | 5 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 5 |
| Barcelona, ES | 5 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 5 |
| IDElocation not on record | 5 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 5 |
| Madison, US | 5 |
| Chicago, US | 5 |
| National Herbarium & Botanic Gardens of Malawilocation not on record | 5 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Tampa, US | 5 |
| Castelar, AR | 4 |
| Olocation not on record | 4 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 4 |
| Guatemala, GT | 4 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 4 |
| San Diego, US | 4 |
| Wlocation not on record | 4 |
| Chapingo, MX | 4 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 4 |
| KURAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Fort Worth, US | 4 |
| Austin, US | 3 |
| La Paz, MX | 3 |
| Alicante, ES | 3 |
| Angwin, US | 3 |
| Pullman, US | 3 |
| Giardini Botanici Hanburylocation not on record | 3 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Tapachula, MX | 3 |
| Aarhus, DK | 3 |
| Université du Lomélocation not on record | 3 |
| Brasília, BR | 3 |
| Little Rock, US | 3 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 3 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 3 |
| Zhengzhou, CN | 3 |
| Xiamen, CN | 3 |
| Bangkok, TH | 3 |
| Tomioka, JP | 3 |
| ROM007location not on record | 3 |
| San Francisco, US | 3 |
| Dekalb, US | 2 |
| Fundación Desarrollo y Ambiente FUNDAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 2 |
| James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record | 2 |
| Córdoba, ES | 2 |
| Granada, ES | 2 |
| Salzburg, AT | 2 |
| Denton, US | 2 |
| Salvador, BR | 2 |
| Victoria, CA | 2 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 2 |
| Salamanca, ES | 2 |
| Toronto, CA | 2 |
| Plocation not on record | 2 |
| Wuhan, CN | 2 |
| Peking Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 2 |
| Shanghai, CN | 2 |
| Mérida, MX | 2 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 2 |
| Mlocation not on record | 2 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 2 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 2 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 2 |
| Baroda, IN | 2 |
| Glocation not on record | 2 |
| Centro de Estudios y Colecciones Biológicas para la Conservaciónlocation not on record | 2 |
| EL PASO, US | 2 |
| Fulda, DE | 2 |
| Auckland, NZ | 2 |
| Zhejiang Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 2 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 2 |
| Shanghai, CN | 1 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 1 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Albuquerque, US | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 1 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 1 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| Corrientes, AR | 1 |
| Sevilla, ES | 1 |
| Armidale, AU | 1 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 1 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 |
| San Francisco de Campeche, MX | 1 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 1 |
| Guilin, CN | 1 |
| Ensenada, MX | 1 |
| LSFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mazatlán, MX | 1 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 1 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 1 |
| Millersville, US | 1 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Beijing Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Post Graduate College Bannulocation not on record | 1 |
| Norfolk, US | 1 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 1 |
| BMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 1 |
| Toluca, MX | 1 |
| Berlin, DE | 1 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sanda, JP | 1 |
| John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Puebla, MX | 1 |
| NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record | 1 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 1 |
| arosemena tola, EC | 1 |
| NGCPR01670location not on record | 1 |
| Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahualocation not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01135location not on record | 1 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 1 |
| Green Bay, US | 1 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Ontario Museum, Green Plant Herbarium (TRT)location not on record | 1 |
| CASlocation not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01130location not on record | 1 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 1 |
| Montpellier, FR | 1 |
| Macomb, US | 1 |
| NGCPR01133location not on record | 1 |
| Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarinlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botanylocation not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01132location not on record | 1 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Russellville, US | 1 |
| Qarshi Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Vitoria, ES | 1 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| LGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| University of Hargeisalocation not on record | 1 |
| Kunming, CN | 1 |
| Fayetteville, US | 1 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 1 |
| Montecillo, Texcoco, MX | 1 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 1 |
| Universität Göttingenlocation not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01128location not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01129location not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01138location not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01134location not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01127location not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01131location not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01136location not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01137location not on record | 1 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| HEMlocation not on record | 1 |
| QVMAGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbario Universidad de Concepciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 1 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre National des Semences Forestièreslocation not on record | 1 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 1 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 1 |
| UESBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
249 institutions · 1 961 of 2 046 vouchered records shown · 83 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA24 detections
Where the DNA of Datura innoxia was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found24
Studies independent surveys1
Countries4
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 24 detections have coordinates
Open the map4 countries0
Growing in flower garden.Weed in garden.on dead leaf compost.
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median21.9 °C 9.30–22.0
Seasonal swing summer↔winter22.4 °C
Max temp (day)27.4 °C 13.3–28.6
Min temp (night)14.5 °C 6.20–14.6
Precipitation23.8 mm/mo 10.0–170
Air humidity47.6 % 45.6–61.4
Moisture balance-92.9 mm/mo -108–86.1
Vapour deficit1,486 Pa 455–1,518
Wind speed2.50 m/s 1.60–3.40
Cloud cover22.3 % 18.5–47.7
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 5 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.