Dactylorhiza incarnata
(L.) Soó · speciesAt a glance
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Dactylorhiza incarnata's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation9 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility93 639 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI52 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics53 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Dactylorhiza incarnata, the early marsh-orchid, is a perennial, temperate-climate species of orchid generally found growing in wet meadows, and generally on base-rich soils, up to about 2100m asl. The species occurs widely in Europe and Asia from Portugal and Ireland east to Siberia and Xinjiang.Altervista Flora Italiana, Orchide palmata, Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) SoóFlora of China v 25 p 116, 紫点掌裂兰 zi dian zhang lie lan, Dactylorhiza incarnata (Linnaeus) Soó subsp. cruenta (O. F. Müller) P. D. Sell, Watsonia. 6: 317. 1967.Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2005). Flora Iberica 21: 1-366. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.Griebl, N. (2008). Vorkommen und verbreitung der gattung Dactylorhiza in Österreich. Berichte aus den arbeitskreisen heimische orchideen 25(2): 80-118.Vázquez Pardo, F.M. (2009). Revisión de la familia Orchidaceae en Extremadura (España). Folia Botanica Extremadurensis 3: 1-367.Petrova, A.S., Vladimirov, V. & Stoyanov, Y. (2009). Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. transsilvanica (Orchidaceae): new for the Bulgarian flora. Phytologia Balcanica 15: 389-392. There are several subspecies and also hybrids, rendering the identification of this species more difficult, but typically, the flowering spike is robust with a hollow stem, 25–60 cm tall, and bearing up to 50 flowers. Plants grow to a height of from 15 to 70 cm. The 4–7 erect yellowish-green leaves are hooded at the tip. The inflorescence is 4–12 cm long, with up to 50 blooms. The labellum appears long and narrow, since its sides are strongly reflexed (folded back). The tip is shallowly three-lobed. The flower is often flesh-coloured (the meaning of incarnata) and the labellum normally has loop-shaped markings. The flowering period is from May to mid-July, dependent on latitude and subspecies.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology8
Life cycle & reproduction12
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment11
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits1
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Dactylorhiza incarnata has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Dactylorhiza incarnata carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 4059×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · slov-fl +14
2n 805×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · brit-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl +2
2n 604×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
2n 201×CCDB · book-indian_vol2
2n 421×CCDB · book-indian_vol2
2n 701×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
n 202×CCDB · Cave1963
n 402×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type93 639 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions53 of 122 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 1 246 |
| LDlocation not on record | 633 |
| Trondheim, NO | 618 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 506 |
| Helsinki, FI | 480 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 282 |
| Paris, FR | 256 |
| Oulu, FI | 233 |
| Tartu, EE | 217 |
| Olocation not on record | 181 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 127 |
| South Kensington, GB | 118 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 110 |
| Kuopio, FI | 102 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 95 |
| Philadelphia, US | 90 |
| Turku, FI | 72 |
| Irkutsk State Universitylocation not on record | 71 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 70 |
| Bern, CH | 58 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 56 |
| Brussel, BE | 48 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 48 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 45 |
| BClocation not on record | 43 |
| Tallinn, EE | 32 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 30 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 30 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 30 |
| IB FRC Komi SC UB RASlocation not on record | 28 |
| Salzburg, AT | 27 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 27 |
| Podgorica, ME | 25 |
| Dresden, DE | 25 |
| Uppsala, SE | 24 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 22 |
| Berlin, DE | 21 |
| No collectionlocation not on record | 21 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 20 |
| Vitebsk State University named after P.M. Masherovlocation not on record | 20 |
| Barcelona, ES | 19 |
| Zürich, CH | 18 |
| MAlocation not on record | 18 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 18 |
| València, ES | 16 |
| Bergen, NO | 16 |
| KFGBlocation not on record | 16 |
| Chicago, US | 15 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 15 |
| Xiamen, CN | 15 |
| Zürich, CH | 14 |
| Görlitz, DE | 14 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 14 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 13 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 12 |
| Vitoria, ES | 11 |
| ER Hellerlocation not on record | 10 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 10 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 9 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 9 |
| Kandalaksha State Nature Reservelocation not on record | 8 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 7 |
| IWEP FEB RASlocation not on record | 7 |
| Glarus, CH | 6 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 6 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 6 |
| Kostrzyca Forest Gene Banklocation not on record | 6 |
| University of Hamburglocation not on record | 6 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 6 |
| The Tula Region State Institution of Culture "Tula Museum Association"location not on record | 6 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 5 |
| Porvoo, FI | 5 |
| Wlocation not on record | 5 |
| NTNU University Museum, Department of Natural Historylocation not on record | 5 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 5 |
| nbflocation not on record | 4 |
| Saint Louis, US | 4 |
| Rovaniemi, FI | 4 |
| Forssa, FI | 4 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 4 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 4 |
| University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Herbarium Clocation not on record | 4 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Mlocation not on record | 3 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 3 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 3 |
| NBSIlocation not on record | 2 |
| Madrid, ES | 2 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 2 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 2 |
| H-HarzKurtlocation not on record | 2 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 2 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 2 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 2 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tilburg, NL | 2 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 1 |
| Boumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 1 |
| Gijón, ES | 1 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Lausanne, CH | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| Banyoles, ES | 1 |
| Bourges, FR | 1 |
| IPE-CSIClocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 1 |
| National Botanic Garden of Waleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Coimbra, PT | 1 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fribourg, CH | 1 |
| Madison, US | 1 |
| Granada, ES | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Dactylorhiza incarnata was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.