Cydia pomonella
(Linnaeus, 1758) · speciesAt a glance
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Cydia pomonella's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation13 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility32 980 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI502 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics516 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is a member of the Lepidopteran family Tortricidae. They are major pests to agricultural crops, mainly fruits such as apples and pears. Because the larvae are not able to feed on leaves, they are highly dependent on fruits as a food source and thus have a significant impact on crops. The caterpillars bore into fruit and stop it from growing, which leads to premature ripening. Various means of control, including chemical, biological, and preventive, have been implemented. This moth has a widespread distribution, being found on six continents. Adaptive behavior such as diapause and multiple generations per breeding season have allowed this moth to persist even during years of bad climatic conditions. Cydia pomonella illustration by Des Helmore
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Diet & foraging2
Compounds documented for Cydia pomonella across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile1 class
Documented compounds2 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| Codlemone | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Cydia pomonella has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
Besides the big genome in the nucleus, cells carry a small, circular loop of DNA inside the cell's energy factories — the mitochondria. It is inherited almost only from the mother and is a leftover from ancient bacteria that moved into the cell. The mitochondrial markers above (ND*, COX, CYTB…) are read from exactly this loop. Outer ring = one strand, inner ring = the other.
The complete instruction manual Cydia pomonella carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 564×GoaT · Animal Chromosome Counts Database · GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · TreeOfSex · invert
2n 281×GoaT · de Vos et al. 2020
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type32 980 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions27 of 68 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| DanishLepidopterologicalSocietylocation not on record | 586 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 169 |
| Zoological Museum of the University of Chittagong, Bangladeshlocation not on record | 121 |
| King Saud Universitylocation not on record | 100 |
| Tartu, EE | 69 |
| Cambridge, US | 67 |
| DPIlocation not on record | 53 |
| East Lansing, US | 52 |
| NHMOlocation not on record | 51 |
| Vernal, US | 44 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 44 |
| Australian National Fish Collectionlocation not on record | 39 |
| St. Paul, US | 39 |
| New Haven, US | 39 |
| MWLRlocation not on record | 33 |
| Philadelphia, US | 31 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 28 |
| Auckland, NZ | 27 |
| Kuopio, FI | 26 |
| Instytut Systematyki i Ewolucji Zwierząt Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 25 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 21 |
| Salzburg, AT | 21 |
| New Zealand Arthropod Collectionlocation not on record | 20 |
| University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomicslocation not on record | 15 |
| Stockholm, SE | 15 |
| US | 14 |
| Philadelphia, US | 14 |
| Muzeum Górnośląskie w Bytomiulocation not on record | 13 |
| ZAF-UMUlocation not on record | 13 |
| Tallinn, EE | 13 |
| ZMAAlocation not on record | 12 |
| Cleveland Museum of Natural History, OH (CLEV)location not on record | 12 |
| Natick, US | 11 |
| San Diego, US | 11 |
| Cornell University Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 11 |
| Rovaniemi, FI | 9 |
| North Carolina State University Insect Museumlocation not on record | 8 |
| European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT)location not on record | 7 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 7 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 5 |
| Mississippi State, US | 5 |
| Zürich, CH | 4 |
| San Francisco, US | 4 |
| University of California, Davislocation not on record | 3 |
| Denver, US | 3 |
| MZLUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeumlocation not on record | 2 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Research Collection of Hartmut Wegnerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bavarian State Collection of Zoologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Research Collection of Alfred Haslbergerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Brussels, BE | 1 |
| RMZlocation not on record | 1 |
| Radicondoli, IT | 1 |
| Research Collection of Theo Gruenewaldlocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Łódzkilocation not on record | 1 |
| Research Collection of Kai Berggrenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Australian National Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallerylocation not on record | 1 |
| Colorado State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Albuquerque, US | 1 |
| CUlocation not on record | 1 |
| SOVTlocation not on record | 1 |
| NTNU-VMlocation not on record | 1 |
| BioFokuslocation not on record | 1 |
| ZSMlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Kaiserslauternlocation not on record | 1 |
| Helsinki, FI | 1 |
Where the DNA of Cydia pomonella was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.