Crotalaria retusa
speciesAt a glance
Sources18 archives
Databases and archives Crotalaria retusa's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility6 953 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System14 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI4 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
giftgenome & karyotype
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Crotalaria retusa - MHNT Crotalaria retusa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by various common names including devil-bean, rattleweed, shack shack, and wedge-leaf rattlepod. It is poisonous to livestock, and contaminates human food. Its original native range is unclear, probably including tropical Asia, Africa and Australia. It has been introduced as a crop plant in many tropical areas and has escaped from cultivation to become a troublesome weed; it is listed as a noxious weed in several US states, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and is listed as an invasive weed in India, Cuba, and Cocos Island. Unlike some other species of Crotalaria, it is an annual plant.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology20
Life cycle & reproduction13
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment15
Physiology & chemistry2
Other traits4
Compounds documented for Crotalaria retusa across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds30 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1R,4R,7S,11Z,18S)-4-ethyl-7,14,18-trimethyl-2,6,9-trioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.14,7]octadec-11-ene-3,5,8,17-tetrone | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-Octadec-9-enoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione | present | NPASS | |
| 4,5-Dihydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-4,5,8,10,12,13,13a,13b-octahydro-2H-[1,6]dioxacycloundecino[2,3,4-gh]pyrrolizine-2,6(3H)-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| Astragalin | present | LOTUS | |
| Genistein | present | LOTUS | |
| Glyceryl Monolinoleate | present | NPASS | |
| INDICAN | present | DukesPhytochem | |
| ISATINECINE | present | DukesPhytochem | |
| Linonelic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| Malvalic acid | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Crotalaria retusa has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Crotalaria retusa carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1624×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn66 +7
2n 81×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
2n 141×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
n 810×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
diploid2×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · GIFT · GIFT (floras)
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
How it livedPBDB
Record type6 967 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions97 of 216 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 322 |
| LaCarto/IGATE/UAClocation not on record | 208 |
| Durango, MX | 130 |
| Paris, FR | 125 |
| Bronx, US | 118 |
| Palmerston, AU | 102 |
| Kensington, AU | 102 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 88 |
| Kew, GB | 87 |
| Brisbane, AU | 79 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 72 |
| Canberra, AU | 70 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 70 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 64 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 64 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 52 |
| Salvador, BR | 51 |
| Mexico City, MX | 48 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 44 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 38 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 36 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 36 |
| Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record | 34 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 33 |
| LSF/FSA/UAClocation not on record | 32 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 32 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 32 |
| Masindi, UG | 32 |
| Mérida, MX | 32 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 31 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 29 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 29 |
| Tampa, US | 28 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 27 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 25 |
| Xiamen, CN | 23 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 21 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 19 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 19 |
| San Francisco de Campeche, MX | 17 |
| LDlocation not on record | 16 |
| UEMAlocation not on record | 16 |
| Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record | 15 |
| San José, CR | 15 |
| Université du Lomélocation not on record | 15 |
| León, NI | 15 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 15 |
| Adelaide, AU | 14 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 14 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 14 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 14 |
| LSFlocation not on record | 13 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 13 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 13 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 13 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 12 |
| Miami, US | 12 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 12 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 12 |
| Plocation not on record | 11 |
| LBVlocation not on record | 11 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 11 |
| MAlocation not on record | 11 |
| Museum of Zoologylocation not on record | 11 |
| IECOSlocation not on record | 11 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 10 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 10 |
| Chicago, US | 10 |
| Taipei, TW | 10 |
| Berlin, DE | 10 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 9 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 9 |
| Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres" (JBC)location not on record | 9 |
| Smithfield, AU | 9 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 9 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 8 |
| Brasília, BR | 8 |
| Montréal, CA | 8 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 8 |
| James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record | 8 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 7 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 7 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 7 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rurallocation not on record | 7 |
| Guilin, CN | 7 |
| Centre National d'Application des Recherches Pharmaceutiques (CNARP)location not on record | 7 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Moreloslocation not on record | 6 |
| Brussels, BE | 6 |
| Beijing, CN | 6 |
| Tapachula, MX | 6 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 5 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 5 |
| Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó (UTCH)location not on record | 5 |
| University of Papua New Guinealocation not on record | 5 |
| Flagstaff, US | 5 |
| Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record | 5 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 5 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 5 |
| Brasília, BR | 5 |
| Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record | 5 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 5 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 5 |
| Zapopan, MX | 5 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 4 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 4 |
| Blumenau, BR | 4 |
| UFSCarlocation not on record | 4 |
| Riverside, US | 4 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 4 |
| Montecillo, Texcoco, MX | 3 |
| Uppsala, SE | 3 |
| Toronto, CA | 3 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 3 |
| South Kensington, GB | 3 |
| Chengdu, CN | 3 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 3 |
| BGPAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 3 |
| Auckland, NZ | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Vale do São Franciscolocation not on record | 3 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 3 |
| EL PASO, US | 3 |
| Burlington, US | 3 |
| HACAMlocation not on record | 3 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 3 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique / Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoleslocation not on record | 3 |
| Bangkok, TH | 3 |
| Seychelles National Herbariumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Cruz das Almas, BR | 3 |
| Austin, US | 3 |
| Wlocation not on record | 3 |
| EFGlocation not on record | 2 |
| INTAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Stockholm, SE | 2 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 2 |
| Mérida, MX | 2 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 2 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 2 |
| CASlocation not on record | 2 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| Glocation not on record | 2 |
| BRLUlocation not on record | 2 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Botánicas y Zoológicas - Prof. Rafael M. Moscoso, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingolocation not on record | 2 |
| Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Ministry of Agriculturelocation not on record | 2 |
| Honolulu, US | 2 |
| Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record | 2 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 2 |
| Aarhus, DK | 2 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| UTFPR-DVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nishihara, JP | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Agrarialocation not on record | 1 |
| Armidale, AU | 1 |
| Universidad del Valle (UniValle)location not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Estadual de Campinaslocation not on record | 1 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 1 |
| Jataí / Setor Industrial, BR | 1 |
| UFPIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Guayaquillocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 1 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 1 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 1 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| NGCPR01736location not on record | 1 |
| MEDELlocation not on record | 1 |
| OTSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Station d'Ecologie de Lamtolocation not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01486location not on record | 1 |
| Nanjing, CN | 1 |
| South China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Morelia, MX | 1 |
| Chengdu, CN | 1 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| Philadelphia, US | 1 |
| Coimbra, PT | 1 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreallocation not on record | 1 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Macomb, US | 1 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| Cuiabá, BR | 1 |
| NGCPR00976location not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)location not on record | 1 |
| Knox Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFSMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Göteborg, SE | 1 |
| COLlocation not on record | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Sangmiung Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Bayreuthlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 1 |
| CMULlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| UFRRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| Santarém, BR | 1 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Seropédica, BR | 1 |
| UNESP-ISlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Pelotas, BR | 1 |
| Kunming, CN | 1 |
| Torreón, MX | 1 |
| Gump Stationlocation not on record | 1 |
| New Haven, US | 1 |
| GB | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Crotalaria retusa was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.