Crassula helmsii

(Kirk) Cockayne · species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Saxifragales/Crassulaceae/Crassula

At a glance

Occurrence records30 727

Data sources9

Biological traits45

DNA specimens12

eDNA detections10

Sources9 archives

Databases and archives Crassula helmsii's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation6 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility30 727 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI10 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics12 specimens↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

On this page6 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements5 literature sources45 traits

Occurrence & distributionGBIF30 727 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 2 countries10 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD12 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT665 Mbp

01Narrative

Crassula helmsii, known as swamp stonecrop or New Zealand pigmyweed, is an aquatic or semiterrestrial species of succulent plant in the family Crassulaceae. Originally found in Australia and New Zealand, it has been introduced around the world. In the United Kingdom, this plant is one of five introduced invasive aquatic plants that were banned from sale from April 2014, the first ban of its kind in the country. It is on the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species of eleven countries.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesGIFTAusTraitsLEDATRYWCVP

Size & morphology14

Leaf length7.5 mm

Leaf length max12 mm

Leaf length min2 mm

Leaf mass0.192 mg

Leaf size32 mm²

⚠ sources differ — TRY: 32 mm² · AusTraits: 28.27 mm² · LEDA: 8 mm² · GIFT: 8 mm²

Leaf width2 mm

Leaf width max3 mm

Leaf width min1 mm

Plant height0.2 m

⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.2 m · AusTraits: 0.3 m · LEDA: 0.3 m · TRY: 0.3 m

Plant height max0.3 m

Plant height min0.05 m

Seed length0.45 mm

⚠ sources differ — TRY: 0.45 mm · AusTraits: 0.4 mm

Seed mass0.213 mg

Seed width0.198 mm

Life cycle & reproduction14

Deciduousnessalways persistent green

⚠ sources differ — TRY: always persistent green · GIFT: evergreen

Dehiscencedehiscent

Dispersal typewind

⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: anemochory · GIFT: unspecialized

Flowering endSep

Flowering startJul

Flowering timennnnnnnyyyyn

Life formannual or helophyte

Life spanperennial

⚠ sources differ — TRY: Perennial · AusTraits: perennial · LEDA: summer annuals · GIFT: perennial

Pollination modebiotic

Pollination syndromeinsect

Raunkiær life formcryptophyte

Reproduction asexualpresent

Resprouting capacityfire_killed

Sex typehermaphrodite+monoecious

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment11

Aquaticaquatic

Climatesubtropical

Climberself-supporting

Epiphyteterrestrial

Fruit fleshinessdry

Fruit typefollicle

⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: follicle · GIFT: capsule

Growth formherb

⚠ sources differ — GIFT: herb · AusTraits: herb · TRY: Aquatic

Habitat GIFTCoastal

Leaf compoundnesssimple

Leaf shapenarrowly_lanceolate

Woodinessnon-woody

Physiology & chemistry4

Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)47 mg/g

Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer

Photosynthetic pathwayCAM

Specific leaf area (SLA)41.67 mm²/mg

Other traits1

Diaspore typeseed

05DNA & barcoding12 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Crassula helmsii has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens12

Marker genes3

eDNA detections10

Countries3

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★rbcL★ITS★ITS2

plant barcodefungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT

The complete instruction manual Crassula helmsii carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is

Genome size665 040 000 bp

Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).

BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb

FUNGUS0.04 Gb

INSECT0.25 Gb

THIS GENOME Crassula helmsii0.67 Gb

HUMAN3.2 Gb

WHEAT17 Gb

FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 36 n = 18

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome records14–362n range25median36mode4records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 142×CCDB · new-zealand · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl

CCDB · new-zealand

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — de Lange, P. J., B. G. Murray & P. M. Datson. 2004. Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora---38. Counts for 50 families. New Zealand J. Bot. 42: 873–904.

2n 362×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · nw-europe-fl

GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew

CCDB · nw-europe-fl — http://wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2511

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type30 727 records

Wild obs. + sensor30 003

Museum / vouchered721

Cultivated / captive2

Other1

Origin

Native259

Introduced2 496

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO30 776 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy57% within 1 km

≤100 m 12 699≤1 km 3 597≤10 km 12 479>10 km 12

28 787 georeferenced · 1 216 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor30 003

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy43% within 1 km

≤100 m 71≤1 km 145≤10 km 248>10 km 44

508 georeferenced · 213 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence721

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km

≤10 km 2

2 georeferenced

Open the mapnot free-living2

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions25 of 44 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record	164
Adelaide, AU	93
Canberra, AU	78
Mount Annan, AU	59
Hobart, AU	37
Auckland, NZ	22
Armidale, AU	14
Brisbane, AU	11
Christchurch, NZ	11
MeiseBGlocation not on record	10
Wellington, NZ	8
South Kensington, GB	7
Tilburg, NL	7
DBF-NHMDlocation not on record	7
QVMAGlocation not on record	6
Nijmegen, NL	6
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record	5
La Trobe Universitylocation not on record	4
Kew, GB	4
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record	4
LfUlocation not on record	3
Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record	3
KMNlocation not on record	3
Parkville, AU	2
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record	2
Provincia di Livornolocation not on record	2
Namur, BE	2
Palmerston, AU	2
Brussel, BE	2
Olocation not on record	1
Claremont, US	1
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record	1
John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record	1
Kensington, AU	1
Cambridge, US	1
Xiamen, CN	1
Berlin, DE	1
CJBNlocation not on record	1
BSBIlocation not on record	1
Batemans Bay, AU	1
Salzburg, AT	1
Stockholm, SE	1
LDlocation not on record	1
Cambridge University Herbariumlocation not on record	1

44 institutions · 593 of 721 vouchered records shown · 128 without an institution code

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA10 detections

Where the DNA of Crassula helmsii was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found10

Studies independent surveys1

Countries2

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 10 detections have coordinates

Open the map2 countries0

introduced with aquatic plants from nurseryin pond in meadow near a nursery of rock gar…at edge of pondsubmerged. Dominant in man-made pool

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median14.4 °C 8.30–16.5

Seasonal swing summer↔winter12.7 °C

Max temp (day)18.0 °C 10.0–20.5

Min temp (night)10.6 °C 5.40–12.2

Precipitation74.5 mm/mo 66.7–136

Air humidity62.7 % 60.1–66.8

Moisture balance-17.1 mm/mo -43.4–92.4

Vapour deficit610 Pa 361–737

Wind speed4.50 m/s 3.50–5.30

Cloud cover48.1 % 36.8–51.1

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 7 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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The Life Data · species page · narrative wired to read_model image placeholder · 3D tilt requires an http server (WebGL)

Crassula helmsii

At a glance

Sources9 archives

Size & morphology14

Life cycle & reproduction14

Diet & foraging1

Habitat & environment11

Physiology & chemistry4

Other traits1

At a glance

Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

Record type30 727 records

Origin

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions25 of 44 geolocated

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Modelled climatemodelled

Record type30 727 records