Comandra umbellata
(L.) Nutt. · speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Comandra umbellata's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation4 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility13 387 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI15 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics28 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Comandra is a monotypic genus containing the single species Comandra umbellata. Its common names include bastard toadflax, umbellate bastard toadflax, and common comandra.Comandra umbellata. NatureServe. 2012. The plant has a disjunct distribution; its four subspecies occur in North America and the Mediterranean.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology5
Life cycle & reproduction4
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment7
Physiology & chemistry6
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Comandra umbellata has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Comandra umbellata carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 261×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
2n 521×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
n 142×CCDB · book-ipcn65
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
Record type13 387 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions103 of 160 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Philadelphia, US | 198 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 128 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 57 |
| Denver, US | 54 |
| Bronx, US | 47 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 47 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 46 |
| New Haven, US | 46 |
| Green Bay, US | 44 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 40 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 38 |
| Provo, US | 33 |
| WINlocation not on record | 31 |
| College Park, US | 29 |
| Boise, US | 28 |
| Missoula, US | 28 |
| Claremont, US | 27 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 27 |
| Pocatello, US | 27 |
| Bangkok, TH | 26 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 26 |
| Logan, US | 25 |
| Madison, US | 24 |
| Allentown, US | 24 |
| Bozeman, US | 23 |
| Flagstaff, US | 22 |
| Williamsburg, US | 22 |
| Toronto, CA | 18 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 18 |
| St. Paul, US | 17 |
| EL PASO, US | 16 |
| Phoenix, US | 16 |
| Saint John, CA | 14 |
| Spearfish, US | 14 |
| Lincoln, US | 14 |
| Pullman, US | 13 |
| Whitewater, US | 13 |
| Vancouver, CA | 13 |
| Corvallis, US | 12 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 12 |
| Québec, CA | 11 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 11 |
| Victoria, CA | 11 |
| Portland, US | 10 |
| Moscow, US | 10 |
| Tampa, US | 9 |
| Grand Junction, US | 9 |
| Riverside, US | 9 |
| Austin, US | 8 |
| Staten Island, US | 8 |
| Albuquerque, US | 8 |
| Dekalb, US | 8 |
| Chicago, US | 8 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 8 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 7 |
| Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)location not on record | 7 |
| Durango, US | 6 |
| Emporia, US | 6 |
| Orem, US | 6 |
| Research Collection of B. A. Bennettlocation not on record | 6 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 6 |
| Pittsburg, US | 6 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 6 |
| Norfolk, US | 6 |
| Tempe, US | 6 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 6 |
| Weber State Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| USFS/BHSClocation not on record | 6 |
| Burlington, US | 6 |
| US | 6 |
| Millersville, US | 5 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Henderson, US | 5 |
| US | 5 |
| Cheney, US | 5 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 5 |
| Philadelphia, US | 5 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 5 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 5 |
| Waverly, US | 5 |
| US | 4 |
| Davis, US | 4 |
| San Angelo, US | 4 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Jackson, US | 4 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 4 |
| Saint Louis, US | 4 |
| Caldwell, US | 4 |
| Ypsilanti, US | 4 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Davenport, US | 4 |
| University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 3 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 3 |
| Kew, GB | 3 |
| University of Lethbridgelocation not on record | 3 |
| Minot State Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Asheville, US | 3 |
| Columbia, US | 3 |
| Eastern Nevada Landscape Coalitionlocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 2 |
| CASlocation not on record | 2 |
| Paris, FR | 2 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 2 |
| Bureau of Land Managementlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bend, US | 2 |
| Brookings, US | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 2 |
| Walla Walla, US | 2 |
| Tacoma, US | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| Fort Worth, US | 2 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Dover, US | 2 |
| Northridge, US | 2 |
| Long Beach, US | 2 |
| Universite de Montreal, L'Herbier Marie-Victorinlocation not on record | 1 |
| Lubbock, US | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Oswego, US | 1 |
| Hudson, US | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| GB | 1 |
| Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preservelocation not on record | 1 |
| Maryland Department of Natural Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Bandelier National Monumentlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fairfax, US | 1 |
| IDElocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 1 |
| INFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mississippi State, US | 1 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 1 |
| University of British Columbia, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Baltimore, US | 1 |
| Washington, US | 1 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Macomb, US | 1 |
| Yellowstone National Park Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Cincinnati, US | 1 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 1 |
| Knoxville, US | 1 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Hermosillo, MX | 1 |
| Pacific Lutheran Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Bruce Peninsula National Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratorylocation not on record | 1 |
| DULlocation not on record | 1 |
| National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Scienceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| GAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fargo, US | 1 |
| The University of Arizonalocation not on record | 1 |
Where the DNA of Comandra umbellata was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.