Collinsonia canadensis, commonly called richweed or stoneroot, is a perennial herb in the mint family. It is native to eastern North America, primarily east of the Mississippi River, where it is widespread. It is the most broadly distributed member of the genus Collinsonia, ranging north to Quebec and south to Florida. Its natural habitat is nutrient-rich mesic forests, most often in rocky, calcareous areas.IllinoisWildflowers Collinsonia canadensis can grow up to 4 feet tall and has terminal clusters of tiny, tubular yellow flowers. Leaves are green, large, sharply toothed, and ovate. It produces lemon-scented flowers in mid-summer, a time when little else is in bloom in densely shaded forests.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Collinsonia canadensis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
💊 Medicinal use documented
Compound class profile3 classes
Flavones3
Pyrazine and Piperazine alkaloids2
Flavanones1
Documented compounds25 total
Compound
Class
Amount
Source
EO
500 ppm
DukesPhytochem
GERMACRENE-D
230 ppm
DukesPhytochem
ELEMICIN
18 ppm
DukesPhytochem
BETA-ELEMENE
16 ppm
DukesPhytochem
DELTA-CADINENE
13 ppm
DukesPhytochem
ALPHA-NAGITANINE
8 ppm
DukesPhytochem
CARYOPHYLLENE
6 ppm
DukesPhytochem
05DNA & barcoding16 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Collinsonia canadensis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens16
Marker genes6
eDNA detections10
Countries2
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLa★ITS★ITS2trnH-psbA
plant barcodefungal barcodemarker
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualCollinsonia canadensis carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 502×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Gill, L. S. 1981. Biosystematics of the tribe Satureineae (Labiatae) in Canada II. Cytologia 46: 27–44.
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — KEENER, C.S. 1974. In IOPB chromosome number reports XLV. Taxon 23: 619-624.
n 263×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Gill, B. S., S. S. Bir & Y. S. Bedi. 1981. Cytological studies on woody Euphorbiaceae from North and Central India. New Bot. 8: 35–44.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Gill, L. S. 1981. Biosystematics of the tribe Satureineae (Labiatae) in Canada II. Cytologia 46: 27–44.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Keener, C. S. 1979. The Chromosomes of Collinsonia canadensis L. (Labiatae). Sida 8: 216.
n 251×CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — KEENER, C.S. 1974. In IOPB chromosome number reports XLV. Taxon 23: 619-624.
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin0.68 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type7 624 records
Wild obs. + sensor6 320
Museum / vouchered1 298
Cultivated / captive6
Origin
Native3
Introduced2
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO18 404 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy84% within 1 km
≤100 m 3 516≤1 km 836≤10 km 315>10 km 490
5 157 georeferenced · 1 163 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor6 320
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy40% within 1 km
≤100 m 56≤1 km 312≤10 km 484>10 km 57
909 georeferenced · 389 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 298
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 2
2 georeferenced · 4 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living6
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions50 of 80 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Philadelphia, US
357
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
245
Bronx, US
69
Bloomington, US
63
New Haven, US
39
Ann Arbor, US
36
Bangkok, TH
36
Chapel Hill, US
34
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
33
College Park, US
25
Williamsburg, US
23
Saint Louis, US
22
Jackson, US
22
Columbia, US
21
Allentown, US
19
Morgantown, US
17
Knoxville, US
14
Burlington, US
14
GAlocation not on record
9
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
8
University of New Hampshirelocation not on record
8
Staten Island, US
8
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
7
University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record
7
Washington, US
7
Millersville, US
6
Johnson City, US
6
Richmond, US
5
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
5
Tuscaloosa, US
5
Hudson, US
5
Tampa, US
4
Norfolk, US
4
James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record
4
Madison, US
4
Fairfax, US
4
Clemson, US
3
Davenport, US
3
Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record
3
University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record
3
Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record
3
Mohonk Preservelocation not on record
3
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record
2
EL PASO, US
2
Appalachian State Universitylocation not on record
2
Smithsonian Institutionlocation not on record
2
Mississippi State, US
2
Dekalb, US
2
Northridge, US
2
Riverside, US
2
Wuzhou, CN
2
Durham, US
2
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
2
Philadelphia, US
2
Toronto, CA
2
AUAlocation not on record
2
Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record
2
DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record
2
US
1
Dover, US
1
Miami, US
1
US
1
Pullman, US
1
DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record
1
Fredericksburg, US
1
US
1
Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record
1
Asheville, US
1
Flagstaff, US
1
LINUlocation not on record
1
Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record
1
Oswego, US
1
Keene State Universitylocation not on record
1
Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Gardenlocation not on record
1
Chicago, US
1
University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record
1
Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record
1
Hamilton, US
1
Universität Göttingenlocation not on record
1
Longwood Universitylocation not on record
1
80 institutions · 1 267 of 1 298 vouchered records shown · 31 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA10 detections
Where the DNA of Collinsonia canadensis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found10
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 10 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median21.2 °C 17.8–22.5
Seasonal swing summer↔winter26.4 °C
Max temp (day)25.1 °C 21.9–26.9
Min temp (night)17.4 °C 14.3–19.4
Precipitation94.7 mm/mo 90.5–106
Air humidity58.8 % 57.4–60.0
Moisture balance-40.1 mm/mo -67.6–6.60
Vapour deficit1,031 Pa 833–1,136
Wind speed2.80 m/s 2.50–4.40
Cloud cover38.0 % 34.5–43.4
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 5 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation3 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility7 624 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI10 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics16 specimens↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗