Colchicum autumnale
speciesAt a glance
Sources15 archives
Databases and archives Colchicum autumnale's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility160 311 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI15 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics22 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Le Colchique d'automne est une espèce de plante herbacée du genre Colchicum. Il appartient à la famille des Liliaceae selon la classification classique de Cronquist (1981). La classification phylogénétique le place dans la famille des Colchicaceae. Il a aussi pour nom : safran des près, safran bâtard, safran des pays, ail des prés, chenard, mort chien, tue-chien, tue-loup, vachette ou veilleuse. Colchicum autumnale est une plante vivace dont seules les fleurs apparaissent en automne au niveau du sol, alors que les feuilles entourant le fruit, formé d'abord sous terre, n'apparaissent qu'au printemps. Les tépales rose-lilas, sont soudés en un long tube qui plonge jusqu’à l’ovaire situé au niveau du bulbe. La plante contient dans toutes ses parties un alcaloïde toxique, la colchicine. La confusion avec l’ail des ours a conduit à plusieurs décès d'humains. Le bétail qui broute les feuilles et le fruit peut connaitre aussi une fin fatale. Le pharmacologue grec du Ier siècle Dioscoride a bien décrit la plante et a mis en garde contre sa toxicité mais n’a pas donné d’usage médicinal. Ce n’est qu’au IVe siècle que les médecins de Byzance ont décrit son usage contre la goutte. Ce savoir fut transmis aux Européens par les Arabes. Au XVIIIe siècle, le médecin autrichien Anton von Störck mène une série d’expériences méthodiques sur lui-même puis sur un chien pour déterminer la frontière entre dose thérapeutique et les doses toxiques et létales. Ce fut grâce au progrès accomplis par l’alchimie-chimie, dû au travail assidu des apothicaires et des médecins au cours des XVIe – XVIIIe siècles, pour extraire de la matière médicale la partie thérapeutiquement efficace que la science chimique put être fondée par Antoine Lavoisier. En 1820, Pelletier et Cavendou extraient le principe actif du colchique, qui sera nommé colchicine plus tard. En ce début du XXIe siècle, les médecins ont à leur disposition des médicaments en comprimés à dose en colchicine parfaitement contrôlée, incontestablement supérieurs aux teintures, vins, élixirs et même pilules, confectionnés à partir de drogues végétales à teneurs variables en principes actifs.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology17
Life cycle & reproduction13
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment9
Physiology & chemistry7
Other traits2
Compounds documented for Colchicum autumnale across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds41 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Iridodial lactol | present | NPASS | |
| (1S)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-(2-(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-isoquinolinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (7R)-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-7-(methylamino)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-9-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (7R)-2-hydroxy-1,3,10-trimethoxy-7-(methylamino)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-9-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (7S)-3-hydroxy-1,2,10-trimethoxy-7-(methylamino)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-9-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-7-(methylamino)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo(a)heptalen-9-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-Demthyldemecolcine | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-hydroxy-1,3,10-trimethoxy-7-(methylamino)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-9-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 3-Demethylcolchicine | present | LOTUS | |
| [(3R,4Ar,5R,6S,6As,10S,10Ar,10Bs)-3-Ethenyl-6,10,10B-Trihydroxy-3,4A,7,7,10A-Pentamethyl-1-Oxo-5,6,6A,8,9,10-Hexahydro-2H-Benzo[F]Chromen-5-Yl] Acetate | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Colchicum autumnale has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Colchicum autumnale carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 3858×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · fl-europaea +9
2n 3611×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · iapt +3
2n 423×CCDB · book-fedorov · CCDB · Cave1956supp
2n 241×CCDB · book-fedorov
2n 341×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 461×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
tetraploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
Record type160 311 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions60 of 118 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| BFLlocation not on record | 404 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 401 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 180 |
| Salzburg, AT | 157 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 137 |
| LDlocation not on record | 74 |
| Berlin, DE | 55 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 44 |
| Brussel, BE | 42 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 41 |
| Bern, CH | 40 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 39 |
| Uppsala, SE | 38 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 31 |
| Dresden, DE | 31 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 29 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 29 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 27 |
| Tartu, EE | 24 |
| Vitoria, ES | 22 |
| Görlitz, DE | 21 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 20 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 19 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 17 |
| Zürich, CH | 17 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 15 |
| Winterthur, CH | 13 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 13 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 12 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 12 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 12 |
| Olocation not on record | 12 |
| Wlocation not on record | 12 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 11 |
| Salamanca, ES | 9 |
| Philadelphia, US | 8 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 7 |
| BClocation not on record | 7 |
| Zürich, CH | 7 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 6 |
| Tilburg, NL | 6 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 6 |
| Helsinki, FI | 6 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 6 |
| South Kensington, GB | 6 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 6 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| Namur, BE | 5 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 5 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 5 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 5 |
| Córdoba, ES | 5 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| Podgorica, ME | 4 |
| Barcelona, ES | 4 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 4 |
| València, ES | 4 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 4 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 4 |
| Fulda, DE | 4 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 3 |
| Bourges, FR | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 3 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 3 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Turku, FI | 3 |
| Oulu, FI | 3 |
| Sion, CH | 2 |
| Saint Louis, US | 2 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 2 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bloomington, US | 2 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 2 |
| Auckland, NZ | 2 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 2 |
| Burlington, US | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| ULBF-AGRlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNINE:NEUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 1 |
| Pamplona, ES | 1 |
| Adelaide, AU | 1 |
| Alicante, ES | 1 |
| Granada, ES | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bronx, US | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 1 |
| Allentown, US | 1 |
| PRClocation not on record | 1 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Monastir, TN | 1 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 1 |
| Canberra, AU | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| Glarus, CH | 1 |
| ROM020location not on record | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| UChlocation not on record | 1 |
| AUT001location not on record | 1 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| Fayetteville, US | 1 |
| Odawara, JP | 1 |
| New Haven, US | 1 |
| Pamplona, ES | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bergen, NO | 1 |
| Tallinn, EE | 1 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Corvallis, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Colchicum autumnale was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.