Cocculus laurifolius
DC. · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Cocculus laurifolius's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility534 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI12 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics31 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Cocculus laurifolius, the laurel-leaved snail tree, is a medium-sized, shrubby evergreen tree of the genus Cocculus. It is native to the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains, China, Taiwan and Japan, where it commonly grows to a height of 25 ft, with an equal spread. In cultivation it can reach a similar size where conditions are favorable. Form is round-headed, with a medium to fast growth rate and a coarse texture. Leaves are ovate-lanceolate, about 6" long by 2" wide, with a spiral bud arrangement. Leaf color is medium green. This species is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. Flowers are insignificant: small, yellowish and appearing in spikes at leaf axils. Fruit is a small (6 mm) black drupe. With frequent shearing, plants may work well in a formal setting as a hedge or screen. Will take a wide range of sun and soil conditions within its temperature tolerance.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology4
Life cycle & reproduction2
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment7
Physiology & chemistry2
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Cocculus laurifolius across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds123 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Corlumine | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Glaucine | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Norisoboldine | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Onocerin | present | NPASS | |
| (-)-Lycopodine | present | NPASS | |
| (-)-Reticuline | present | NPASS | |
| (-)-Tetrahydropalmatine | present | LOTUS | |
| (13bS)-2,12-dimethoxy-5,6,8,9-tetrahydroindolo[7a,1-a]isoquinolin-3-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (13R)-16,17-dimethoxy-5,7-dioxa-1-azapentacyclo[11.8.0.03,11.04,8.014,19]henicosa-3(11),4(8),9,14,16,18-hexaene | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,2R,10S,11R,13S,14R,15S)-15-methyl-6-azatetracyclo[8.6.0.01,6.02,13]hexadecane-11,14-diol | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Cocculus laurifolius has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Cocculus laurifolius carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 266×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 +3
n 133×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type534 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions47 of 75 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Beijing, CN | 48 |
| Nishihara, JP | 41 |
| Kunming, CN | 32 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 29 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 22 |
| Odawara, JP | 20 |
| Guilin, CN | 19 |
| FJIDClocation not on record | 14 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 14 |
| Nanjing, CN | 13 |
| Nishihara, JP | 12 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 10 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 7 |
| Guiyang, CN | 6 |
| Nanjing, CN | 6 |
| Sanda, JP | 6 |
| Zhuzhou, CN | 6 |
| Barcelona, ES | 5 |
| Bronx, US | 5 |
| València, ES | 5 |
| Guiyang, CN | 5 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 5 |
| Government College University Lahore, Dr. Sultan Ahmad Herbariumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Kagoshima, JP | 4 |
| Henry Brockhouse Collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Taipei, TW | 4 |
| Saint Louis, US | 3 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 3 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 3 |
| Wuhan, CN | 3 |
| MAlocation not on record | 3 |
| FFPRIlocation not on record | 3 |
| Durham, US | 3 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 3 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 3 |
| Toyama, JP | 2 |
| Vitoria, ES | 2 |
| LDlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tampa, US | 2 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Yangling, CN | 2 |
| Chongqing Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 2 |
| Wuhan, CN | 2 |
| Chengdu, CN | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Paris, FR | 2 |
| Córdoba, AR | 2 |
| Shanghai, CN | 1 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 1 |
| Vietnam National Museum of Naturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Long Beach, US | 1 |
| Guizhou Forestry Schoollocation not on record | 1 |
| Seoul, KR | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Riverside, US | 1 |
| South China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| CASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Miami, US | 1 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Forestry and Forest Products Research Institutelocation not on record | 1 |
| Nagano City, JP | 1 |
| Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| Chiba, JP | 1 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Cocculus laurifolius was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.