Cocculus carolinus, commonly called the Carolina coralbead, or snailseed, is a perennial vine of the moonseed family (Cocculus). It is native to North America, where it is found in Mexico and in several states in the United States from the Southeast to the Midwest. The species' common name derives from the appearance of its small, rounded red fruits, and the rough half-moon shape of its seeds.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Cocculus carolinus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Cocculus carolinus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens4
Marker genes2
GenBank sequences5
eDNA detections4
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK3★rbcL2
plant barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualCocculus carolinus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin40.8 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type1 584 records
Wild obs. + sensor633
Museum / vouchered948
Cultivated / captive2
Fossil1
Origin
Native7
Introduced58
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO4 716 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy98% within 1 km
≤100 m 415≤1 km 63≤10 km 10>10 km 1
489 georeferenced · 144 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor633
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy42% within 1 km
≤100 m 64≤1 km 144≤10 km 233>10 km 53
494 georeferenced · 454 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence948
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy
no georeferenced coordinates · 2 records without
Open the mapnot free-living2
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions53 of 79 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Fort Worth, US
142
Austin, US
95
Bronx, US
81
Wuzhou, CN
74
Texas Lutheran Universitylocation not on record
44
Saint Louis, US
42
BAYLUlocation not on record
32
Chapel Hill, US
29
Bloomington, US
26
Tuscaloosa, US
26
Pittsburg, US
22
Bangkok, TH
21
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
20
Fayetteville, US
19
Juriquilla, MX
18
GAlocation not on record
18
Knoxville, US
15
Tampa, US
13
US
12
Emporia, US
11
Columbia, US
10
DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record
10
Durango, MX
9
Denton, US
9
Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record
7
EL PASO, US
6
Edmonton, CA
6
Clemson, US
6
Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record
6
University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record
6
AUAlocation not on record
5
Burlington, US
4
Little Rock, US
4
Miami, US
4
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
4
GB
4
Riverside, US
4
Conway, US
4
Logan, US
3
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
3
Audubon Society -- Silver Bluff Audubon Center and Sanctuarylocation not on record
3
Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipaslocation not on record
3
Russellville, US
3
Lubbock, US
3
Flagstaff, US
3
Dekalb, US
2
Auckland, NZ
2
San Angelo, US
2
Claremont, US
2
US
2
Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record
2
Baltimore, US
2
Stephenville, US
2
Conway, US
2
ASUlocation not on record
2
College Park, US
2
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
2
Davis, US
2
Austin, US
2
Mexico City, MX
2
North Carolina Museum of Natural Scienceslocation not on record
2
DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record
1
Long Beach, US
1
Tempe, US
1
Baroda, IN
1
Torreón, MX
1
Lincoln, US
1
University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record
1
Brookings, US
1
Madison, US
1
CSBSJUlocation not on record
1
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
1
University of South Carolina Salkehatchielocation not on record
1
Mississippi State, US
1
Tulane Universitylocation not on record
1
Giardini Botanici Hanburylocation not on record
1
University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record
1
New Brunswick, US
1
Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record
1
79 institutions · 939 of 948 vouchered records shown · 7 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA4 detections
Where the DNA of Cocculus carolinus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found4
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 4 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median12.5 °C 12.5–12.5
Seasonal swing summer↔winter27.0 °C
Max temp (day)18.4 °C
Min temp (night)8.20 °C
Precipitation79.6 mm/mo
Air humidity57.3 %
Moisture balance-38.4 mm/mo
Vapour deficit733 Pa
Wind speed5.80 m/s
Cloud cover36.7 %
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 2 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation3 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility1 584 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI4 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗