Citrus aurantium
speciesAt a glance
Sources18 archives
Databases and archives Citrus aurantium's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation21 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility2 949 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI129 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics131 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
FooDBThe Metabolomics Innovation Centrecompounds↗
foodatlascompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
phenolexplorercompounds
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Citrus reshni also known as Cleopatra mandarin is a citrus tree that is commonly used in agriculture as a rootstock of different cultivated species of citrus, mostly orange, grapefruit, tangerine and lemon. It originated in India and later was introduced to Florida from Jamaica in the mid-nineteenth century. The Cleopatra mandarin fruit belong to the "acidic" group of mandarins, which are too sour to be edible. When they are grown it is for the rootstock or for juice production. The rootstock can handle multiple soil conditions including tolerance to the presence of limestone, salinity and soil alkalinity along with being suitable for shallow soils. It is resistant to citrus tristeza virus and exocortis but is sensitive to root asphyxia and Phytophthora. One of the down sides to using the rootstock is it grows slow in the early years. In the right conditions it can induce high productivity and excellent fruit quality, although these are usually somewhat smaller than with others.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
No structured trait data for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Citrus aurantium across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds5 553 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CARBOHYDRATES | 948,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| WATER | 930,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| NARINGIN | 195,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| FIBER | 172,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ASH | 110,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| SUGARS | 99,600 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PROTEIN | 70,290 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| POTASSIUM | 46,200 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| SUCROSE | 21,400 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| CITRIC-ACID | 21,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Citrus aurantium has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Citrus aurantium carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1850×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · kew +2
2n 203×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
2n 451×CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
n 92×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
How it livedPBDB
Record type2 949 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions107 of 218 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 118 |
| Durango, MX | 79 |
| Beijing, CN | 69 |
| Chapingo, MX | 59 |
| Tampa, US | 53 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 53 |
| Bronx, US | 30 |
| Nanjing, CN | 29 |
| Mérida, MX | 25 |
| HUFDlocation not on record | 24 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 21 |
| Tapachula, MX | 19 |
| Kew, GB | 16 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 15 |
| Canberra, AU | 13 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 12 |
| Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Moreloslocation not on record | 12 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 12 |
| MAlocation not on record | 11 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 10 |
| Cascavel, BR | 10 |
| Mexico City, MX | 10 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 9 |
| Berlin, DE | 9 |
| Smithfield, AU | 9 |
| Paris, FR | 9 |
| Mexico City, MX | 9 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 9 |
| Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 8 |
| Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reservelocation not on record | 8 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 8 |
| Mérida, MX | 8 |
| Miami, US | 8 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 8 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 8 |
| San José, CR | 8 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 7 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 7 |
| Masindi, UG | 7 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 7 |
| Riverside, US | 7 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 6 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 6 |
| Plocation not on record | 6 |
| Universidad del Quindío (UniQuindío)location not on record | 6 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 6 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 6 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 6 |
| Chicago, US | 5 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 5 |
| Valparaiso, CL | 5 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 5 |
| Wuhan, CN | 5 |
| Xian, CN | 5 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 5 |
| León, NI | 5 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 4 |
| 黔东南州民族医药研究所标本室location not on record | 4 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 4 |
| Tokushima, JP | 4 |
| Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record | 4 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 4 |
| Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI)location not on record | 4 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 4 |
| San Francisco de Campeche, MX | 4 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 4 |
| Loja, EC | 4 |
| Vitoria, ES | 4 |
| Corporación Autónoma Regional Para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB)location not on record | 4 |
| Glocation not on record | 3 |
| UFRRJlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 3 |
| Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca, A. C.location not on record | 3 |
| Bangkok, TH | 3 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 3 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 3 |
| Barcelona, ES | 3 |
| Universidad Católica de Oriente (UCO)location not on record | 3 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 3 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 3 |
| UTFPR-DVlocation not on record | 3 |
| Badajoz, ES | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 3 |
| Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologielocation not on record | 3 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 3 |
| San Francisco, US | 3 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 2 |
| Corrientes, AR | 2 |
| Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| Universidad de la Amazonia (UniAmazonia)location not on record | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| Parkville, AU | 2 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Puebla, MX | 2 |
| National Herbarium of São Tomé and Principelocation not on record | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 2 |
| València, ES | 2 |
| Criciúma, BR | 2 |
| Kunming, CN | 2 |
| Honolulu, US | 2 |
| Jaén, ES | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 2 |
| Managua, NI | 2 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 2 |
| Uberlândia, BR | 2 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Seropédica, BR | 2 |
| Guilin, CN | 2 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Zürich, CH | 2 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 2 |
| Long Beach, US | 2 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 2 |
| Austin, US | 2 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 2 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Palmerston, AU | 2 |
| Guiyang, CN | 2 |
| Ensenada, MX | 2 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 2 |
| OTSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Auckland, NZ | 2 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 2 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 2 |
| UNISANTAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Montpellier, FR | 1 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| Granada, ES | 1 |
| Turlock, US | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Asheville, US | 1 |
| Salvador, BR | 1 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó (UTCH)location not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 1 |
| Wlocation not on record | 1 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 1 |
| FUVATESlocation not on record | 1 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 1 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Brasília, BR | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| JMSlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Diego, US | 1 |
| Post Graduate College Bannulocation not on record | 1 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 1 |
| Santarém, BR | 1 |
| Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record | 1 |
| Jataí / Setor Industrial, BR | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 1 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 1 |
| Sion, CH | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 1 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Firenze, IT | 1 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Estudios y Colecciones Biológicas para la Conservaciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| FLASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rurallocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nishihara, JP | 1 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| LGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 1 |
| Hangzhou, CN | 1 |
| South Kensington, GB | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| UEMAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeethlocation not on record | 1 |
| Brisbane, AU | 1 |
| CMULlocation not on record | 1 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Baroda, IN | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Xining, CN | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| INTAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cibinong Science Center, Herbarium Bogorienselocation not on record | 1 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 1 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 1 |
| Odawara, JP | 1 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| Beijing Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 1 |
| Jiujiang Forestry Institutelocation not on record | 1 |
| Shanghai, CN | 1 |
| Wuhan, CN | 1 |
| Museo de Historia Natural de El Salvadorlocation not on record | 1 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 1 |
| Alexandria Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Podgorica, ME | 1 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Nariño (UdeNar)location not on record | 1 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Hamburglocation not on record | 1 |
| National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinarian Research, Portugallocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 1 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 1 |
| Ojo, NG | 1 |
| Henry Brockhouse Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Citrus aurantium was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.