A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Cirsium tuberosum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens10
Marker genes4
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections5
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK3★rbcL4★ITS3★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT
The complete instruction manualCirsium tuberosum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size5 506 140 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
THIS GENOME Cirsium tuberosum5.51 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Morton, J. K. (1977). A cytological study of the Compositae (excluding Hieracium and Taraxacum) of the British Isles. Watsonia 11: 211-223.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Talavera, S. (1974). Contribución al estudio cariológico del género Cirsium en la Península Ibérica. Lagascalia 4(2): 285-296.
2n 221×CCDB · iber-fl
CCDB · iber-fl — Recherches de taxonomie experimentale sur le Carduus defloratus L. s.l. (Compositae). Gremaud, M.Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vg. Botaniste4: 207-268(1981).
n 111×CCDB · iber-fl
CCDB · iber-fl — Dysploidie et chromosomes surnumraires dans l'espce collective Carduus defloratus L. agg. Favarger, C. & P. Kpfer.Bull. Soc. Bot. Suisse80: 269-288(1971).
n 171×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — FAVARGER, c. 1969. Notes de caryologie Alpine V. Bull. Soc. Neuchateloise Sci. Nat. 92: 13-30.
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy20% within 1 km
≤100 m 2 669≤1 km 816≤10 km 13 885>10 km 84
17 454 georeferenced · 5 897 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor23 351
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy55% within 1 km
≤100 m 8≤1 km 163≤10 km 132>10 km 6
309 georeferenced · 641 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence950
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 12
12 georeferenced
Open the mapnot free-living12
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions28 of 60 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
BFLlocation not on record
284
MeiseBGlocation not on record
75
Bern, CH
42
LfUlocation not on record
39
Zürich, CH
34
LDlocation not on record
32
Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record
28
Barcelona, ES
28
South Kensington, GB
27
Mlocation not on record
26
Vitoria, ES
24
No collectionlocation not on record
21
Zürich, CH
20
San Sebastián, ES
19
BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record
19
BDBClocation not on record
18
GJOlocation not on record
15
Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record
13
Pamplona, ES
12
València, ES
12
CJBGlocation not on record
11
Frauenfeld, CH
10
Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record
9
BClocation not on record
9
Dresden, DE
8
MAlocation not on record
7
Porrentruy, CH
7
Pamplona, ES
6
Salamanca, ES
6
Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record
5
PrivatHerblocation not on record
5
Berlin, DE
4
John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
4
Karlsruhe, DE
4
BRNUlocation not on record
3
Bourges, FR
3
H-AkrKGlocation not on record
3
Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record
3
H-Schuhwlocation not on record
2
Fribourg, CH
2
Lausanne, CH
2
Alicante, ES
2
H-Adlerlocation not on record
2
National Museum Waleslocation not on record
2
Granada, ES
2
Denver, US
1
Saint Louis, US
1
Wlocation not on record
1
OLAlocation not on record
1
ER-Gaucklocation not on record
1
Henry Brockhouse Collectionlocation not on record
1
Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record
1
National Botanic Garden of Waleslocation not on record
1
Provincia di Livornolocation not on record
1
Görlitz, DE
1
Monastir, TN
1
Madrid, ES
1
Paris, FR
1
IPE-CSIClocation not on record
1
Uppsala, SE
1
60 institutions · 924 of 950 vouchered records shown · 25 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA5 detections
Where the DNA of Cirsium tuberosum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found5
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 5 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median14.2 °C 12.2–15.9
Seasonal swing summer↔winter10.7 °C
Max temp (day)17.2 °C 14.2–17.7
Min temp (night)10.4 °C 9.90–13.8
Precipitation75.2 mm/mo 73.0–84.3
Air humidity62.9 % 62.0–62.9
Vapour deficit602 Pa 541–671
Cloud cover51.6 % 51.2–56.1
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 3 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility24 368 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI5 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics10 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗