Cinchona officinalis is a South American tree in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to wet montane forests in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, between 1600–2700 meters above sea level.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Cinchona officinalis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Cinchona officinalis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens23
Marker genes5
GenBank sequences6
eDNA detections14
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK1★rbcL3★rbcLa★ITS2★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · NCBI
The complete instruction manualCinchona officinalis carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size≈790 401 426 bp assembly estimate
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Cinchona officinalis0.79 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 34 n = 17
Ploidydiploid inferred
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin3.7 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type386 records
Wild obs. + sensor39
Museum / vouchered346
Cultivated / captive1
Origin
Introduced1
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO748 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy47% within 1 km
≤100 m 7≤1 km 2≤10 km 5>10 km 5
19 georeferenced · 20 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor39
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy39% within 1 km
≤100 m 2≤1 km 7≤10 km 12>10 km 2
23 georeferenced · 323 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence346
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy
no georeferenced coordinates · 1 records without
Open the mapnot free-living1
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions28 of 51 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Paris, FR
64
Loja, EC
60
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record
23
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
19
Saint Louis, US
16
UTPLlocation not on record
11
Göteborg, SE
11
Kew, GB
10
Aarhus, DK
9
Guangzhou, CN
9
MeiseBGlocation not on record
7
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Naturallocation not on record
6
Pondicherry, IN
5
Xiamen, CN
5
Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record
4
Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX
4
MAlocation not on record
4
Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record
3
Chicago, US
3
Guilin, CN
3
QCNElocation not on record
3
Madison, US
3
Bronx, US
3
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
3
Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres" (JBC)location not on record
2
Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record
2
ASUlocation not on record
2
Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record
2
Baroda, IN
2
Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record
2
Madrid, ES
2
University of Dar es Salaamlocation not on record
2
Mexico City, MX
2
Beijing, CN
1
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record
1
Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC-UPF)location not on record
1
Corporación Autónoma Regional Para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB)location not on record
1
La Paz, BO
1
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO
1
Alcaldía Municipal de Garzón en Huilalocation not on record
1
Johnson City, US
1
arosemena tola, EC
1
Miami, US
1
Ivano-Frankivsk, UA
1
Zürich, CH
1
Uppsala, SE
1
Stockholm, SE
1
CNF-UFHBlocation not on record
1
HUT Culture Collectionlocation not on record
1
St. Paul, US
1
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
1
51 institutions · 324 of 346 vouchered records shown · 22 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA14 detections
Where the DNA of Cinchona officinalis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found14
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 14 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median25.7 °C 25.7–25.7
Seasonal swing summer↔winter1.30 °C
Max temp (day)29.1 °C
Min temp (night)22.4 °C
Precipitation144 mm/mo
Air humidity68.5 %
Moisture balance17.9 mm/mo
Vapour deficit1,043 Pa
Wind speed0.8 m/s
Cloud cover57.9 %
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 6 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility386 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI14 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics23 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗