Chlorophyllum molybdites, which has the common names of false parasol, green-spored Lepiota and vomiter, is a widespread mushroom. Poisonous and producing severe gastrointestinal symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea, it is commonly conflated with the shaggy parasol or shaggy mane, and is the most commonly misidentified poisonous mushroom in North America.Beug, Michael W. An Overview of Mushroom Poisonings in North America. The Mycophile, vol. 45(2):4-5, March/April 2004 Its large size and similarity to the edible parasol mushroom, as well as its habit of growing in areas near human habitation, are reasons cited for this. The nature of the poisoning is predominantly gastrointestinal.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Chlorophyllum molybdites has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens28
Marker genes5
eDNA detections75
Countries9
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★ITS★ITS128SEF1-alphaRPB2
fungal barcodemarker
07Deep time~5.38 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin5.38 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type14 412 records
Wild obs. + sensor13 459
Museum / vouchered942
Other11
Origin
Native13
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO36 784 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy85% within 1 km
≤100 m 8 368≤1 km 1 129≤10 km 673>10 km 1 058
11 228 georeferenced · 2 231 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor13 459
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy60% within 1 km
≤100 m 265≤1 km 80≤10 km 167>10 km 65
577 georeferenced · 365 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence942
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions39 of 80 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Zapopan, MX
161
ILLSlocation not on record
75
Brisbane, AU
61
Bronx, US
49
DPIlocation not on record
47
Chicago, US
41
Durango, MX
36
TENN-Flocation not on record
34
Osaka, JP
33
National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record
27
Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Researchlocation not on record
24
Denver, US
22
Durham, US
21
Mexico City, MX
19
Kensington, AU
16
Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record
16
Chiba, JP
14
Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record
13
MeiseBGlocation not on record
12
WTUlocation not on record
12
University of the Philippines Los Baños Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
12
FLASlocation not on record
10
Palmerston, AU
10
Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record
9
Colorado State Universitylocation not on record
8
Philadelphia, US
8
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record
8
Bando, JP
8
Helsinki, FI
7
Mexico City, MX
7
Tampa, US
6
Blacksburg, US
6
Grupo Actinomicetales Merida Facultad de Medicinalocation not on record
5
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record
5
Auckland, NZ
5
IPA/SPlocation not on record
4
Davis and Elkins Collegelocation not on record
4
Personal Herbarium of Robert Bensonlocation not on record
3
Catholic University of Pekinglocation not on record
3
St. Paul, US
3
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record
3
Tomioka, JP
3
Centro de Estudios Superiores del Estado de Sonoralocation not on record
3
UFESlocation not on record
3
Canberra, AU
3
LSF/FSA/UAClocation not on record
2
Karlsruhe, DE
2
UFBAlocation not on record
2
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paranálocation not on record
2
National Mushroom Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Bhutanlocation not on record
2
Cincinnati, US
2
Purdue Universitylocation not on record
2
EcoFoG FunGuy collectionlocation not on record
2
Guatemala City, GT
1
Universidad del Magdalena (UniMagdalena)location not on record
1
UESBlocation not on record
1
PUC-RSlocation not on record
1
UFSClocation not on record
1
Guasave, MX
1
Toronto, CA
1
Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajaralocation not on record
1
Berlin, DE
1
Feira de Santana, BR
1
Salzburg, AT
1
Laramie, US
1
Stockholm, SE
1
San Sebastián, ES
1
Ann Arbor, US
1
Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record
1
Clemson, US
1
Copenhagen, DK
1
UFAClocation not on record
1
KNAMlocation not on record
1
Turku, FI
1
Lake Charles, US
1
Assam Agricultural Universitylocation not on record
1
California State University, East Baylocation not on record
1
UFPElocation not on record
1
Odawara, JP
1
BDBClocation not on record
1
80 institutions · 922 of 942 vouchered records shown · 18 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA75 detections
Where the DNA of Chlorophyllum molybdites was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found75
Studies independent surveys8
Countries9
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Measured at samplingin-field
pH6.72 5.37–8.56
Conductivity28,495 µS/cm 109–160,000
Organic carbon1.02 %
Water content21.9 %
Nitrate-N12.0 mg/kg
Phosphorus51.0 mg/kg
Clay50.7 %
Sand20.4 %
Depth0 m 0–0.2
SoilRudosolKandosolVertosolTenosolChromosol
15 samples with on-site data · median with range · describes the sample, not the organism
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median25.7 °C 18.6–29.0
Seasonal swing summer↔winter9.20 °C
Max temp (day)29.4 °C 24.8–34.2
Min temp (night)22.5 °C 12.9–25.4
Precipitation47.9 mm/mo 4.60–196
Air humidity55.5 % 45.5–65.9
Moisture balance-52.1 mm/mo
Vapour deficit1,401 Pa 983–1,927
Wind speed3.40 m/s
Cloud cover24.0 % 19.0–33.0
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 62 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation9 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility14 412 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI75 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics28 specimens↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗