Ceratophyllum submersum
speciesAt a glance
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Ceratophyllum submersum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation11 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility14 151 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI17 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics28 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Ceratophyllum submersum Ceratophyllum submersum, commonly known as the soft hornwort or tropical hornwort, is a species of Ceratophyllum. It is a submerged, free-floating aquatic plant.soft hornwort UK wildflowers It has been reported from Europe, Central Asia, northern Africa, scattered places in tropical Africa, Turkey, Oman, Florida, and the Dominican Republic.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesDobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 3: 1-449. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.Sheremetova, S.A., Ebel, A.L. & Buko, T.E. (2011). Supplement to the flora of Kemerovo region since 2001 till 2010. Turczaninowia 14(1): 65-74.Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166. It is similar to the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum, a congeneric plant that is found in most regions of the world.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology5
Life cycle & reproduction12
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment8
Physiology & chemistry1
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Ceratophyllum submersum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds180 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Pinoresinol | present | NPASS | |
| (-)-Hydnocarpin | present | NPASS | |
| (11beta,12alpha,15beta)-13,20-Epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-15-[[(2E)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-penten-1-yl]oxy]-2,16-dioxopicras-3-en-21-oic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (1beta,2alpha,11beta,12alpha,15beta)-13,20-Epoxy-1,2,11,12,14,15-hexahydroxypicras-3-en-16-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-3-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2R,3R,6R,8S,11S,12S,13S,14R,15R,16S,17R)-2,3,11,12,15,16-hexahydroxy-17-(hydroxymethyl)-9,13-dimethyl-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-en-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2R,3R,6R,8S,11S,12S,13S,14R,15R,16S,17R)-2,3,12,15,16-pentahydroxy-9,13,17-trimethyl-11-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-en-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2R,3R,6R,8S,12S,13S,14R,15R,16S,17R,19S)-2,3,12,15,16,17,19-heptahydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-ene-4,11-dione | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2R,3R,6R,8S,12S,13S,14R,15R,16S,17R,19S)-2,3,12,15,16,19-hexahydroxy-9,13,17-trimethyl-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-ene-4,11-dione | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2R,3R,6R,8S,9R,10R,11S,12R)-2,3,10,11-tetrahydroxy-8,12-dimethyl-8-[(2R)-3-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]-5,13-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.0.01,6.02,12]tetradecan-4-one | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Ceratophyllum submersum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Ceratophyllum submersum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 245×CCDB · fl-europaea · CCDB · book-fedorov · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 405×CCDB · fl-europaea · CCDB · book-northern-plants · CCDB · book-fedorov +2
2n 724×CCDB · book-northern-plants · CCDB · book-fedorov · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants +1
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type14 151 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions38 of 97 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 156 |
| LDlocation not on record | 113 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 107 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 99 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 67 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 67 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 64 |
| Brussel, BE | 56 |
| Tartu, EE | 53 |
| Uppsala, SE | 45 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 25 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 25 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 22 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 21 |
| Görlitz, DE | 18 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 15 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 14 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 14 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 14 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 13 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 13 |
| Helsinki, FI | 12 |
| Mlocation not on record | 9 |
| PRClocation not on record | 8 |
| Zürich, CH | 7 |
| Wlocation not on record | 7 |
| Philadelphia, US | 7 |
| Paris, FR | 6 |
| BClocation not on record | 6 |
| Barcelona, ES | 6 |
| South Kensington, GB | 6 |
| MAlocation not on record | 5 |
| València, ES | 5 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 5 |
| Berlin, DE | 5 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 4 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 4 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 4 |
| Salamanca, ES | 4 |
| Xiamen, CN | 3 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 3 |
| Winterthur, CH | 3 |
| Dresden, DE | 3 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 3 |
| Alicante, ES | 3 |
| Saint Louis, US | 3 |
| Auckland, NZ | 3 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| Bern, CH | 2 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Turku, FI | 2 |
| Metsähallituslocation not on record | 2 |
| Salzburg, AT | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 2 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| BG-NMNHSlocation not on record | 2 |
| SNSNMClocation not on record | 2 |
| Aarhus, DK | 2 |
| Boumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universität Erlangen-Nürnberglocation not on record | 2 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 2 |
| GMBAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Oulu, FI | 1 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 1 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Tallinn, EE | 1 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Salvador, BR | 1 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 1 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| CJBNlocation not on record | 1 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Lausanne, CH | 1 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 1 |
| Tampa, US | 1 |
| University of Bayreuthlocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 1 |
| H-AkrKGlocation not on record | 1 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| NMWlocation not on record | 1 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 1 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Ceratophyllum submersum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.