Centaurea collina

species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea

At a glance

Occurrence records4 261

Data sources11

Biological traits6

DNA specimens2

eDNA detections1

Sources11 archives

Databases and archives Centaurea collina's data was compiled from.

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 261 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI1 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics2 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements2 literature sources6 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS55 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF4 261 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 0 countries1 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD2 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 60

01Narrative

Centaurea collina é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Asteraceae. A autoridade científica da espécie é L., tendo sido publicada em Sp. Pl. 2: 918. 1753.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPTRY

Size & morphology1

Plant height0.475 m

Life cycle & reproduction2

Life spanperennial

Lifespan years3 years

Habitat & environment2

Climatesubtropical

Growth formherb

Physiology & chemistry1

Specific leaf area (SLA)7.66 mm²/mg

03Chemical composition55 compounds

Compounds documented for Centaurea collina across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile5 classes

Flavones12

Phenylethanoids5

Guaiane sesquiterpenoids4

Cinnamic acids and derivatives2

Simple coumarins2

Documented compounds55 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(3aR,7aS)-Hexahydro-3a-hydroxy-6(2H)-benzofuranone	present	NPASS
(3S,3aR,4S,6aR,8S,9aR,9bR)-4,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	present	LOTUS
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-yl 6-deoxyhexopyranoside	present	LOTUS
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	present	NPASS
4-hydroxy-4-[2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one	present	NPASS
4-hydroxy-4-[2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]cyclohexan-1-one	present	NPASS
6,7-Dimethylscutellarein	present	NPASS
6-Methylscutellarein	present	LOTUS
[(3aR,4S,6aR,8S,9aR,9bR)-8-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (2S)-2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylate	present	LOTUS
[(3S,3aR,4S,6aR,8S,9aR,9bR)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (2S)-2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylate	present	LOTUS

05DNA & barcoding2 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Centaurea collina has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens2

Marker genes1

eDNA detections1

Countries1

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★ITS2

fungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Centaurea collina carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 60 n = 30

Ploidypolyploid inferred

Chromosome records20–602n range60median60mode11records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 607×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +2

CCDB · iber-fl — Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. Darlintong, C. D. & A. P. Wylie.*(1955).

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Seidenbinder, M. & R. Verlaque. 1985. Chromosome Number Reports LXXXVI. Taxon 34: 159–164.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Bos|7caiu, M., J. Riera, E. Estrelles & J. Güemes. 1998. Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales, 786--808. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 56(1): 119–120.

CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — GARDOU, C. 1969. Caryosystematique des Centaurees de la section Acrocentron Cass. (In Hoffmann, 1897) Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 116: 29-38.

CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — Roy 1937

CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Seidenbinder, M. & R. Verlaque. (1985a). Reports [In Löve, A. (ed.), IOPB chromosome numbers reports LXXXVI]. Taxon 34(1): 161.

CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Boscaiu, M., Riera, J., Estrelles, E. & Güemes, J. (1998a). Números cromosomáticos de plantas ocidentales, 786-808. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 56(1): 119-120.

2n 204×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · fl-europaea · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +1

CCDB · iber-fl — Contribution la connaissance cytotaxinomique des spermatophyta du Portugal. II. Compositae Fernandes, A. & M. Queirs.Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 245: 5-121(1971).

CCDB · fl-europaea — Fernandes & Queiros,

CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — FERNANDES, A., & M. QUEIROS. 1971. Contribution a la connaissance cytotaxinomique des Spermatophyta du Portugal. II Compositae Bol. soc. Brot. 45 (ser. 2l: 5-122.

CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Fernandes, A. & Queirós, M. (1971a). Contribution à la connaissance cytotaxinomique des spermatophyta du Portugal. II. Compositae. Bol. Soc. Brot. 45: 5-122.

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type4 261 records

Wild obs. + sensor3 907

Museum / vouchered165

Cultivated / captive2

Other187

Origin

Native17

Introduced2

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO6 536 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy31% within 1 km

≤100 m 688≤1 km 330≤10 km 2 281>10 km 21

3 320 georeferenced · 587 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor3 907

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy37% within 1 km

≤100 m 10≤1 km 18≤10 km 46>10 km 1

75 georeferenced · 90 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence165

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km

≤10 km 2

2 georeferenced

Open the mapnot free-living2

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions16 of 29 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
BDBClocation not on record	47
Barcelona, ES	24
València, ES	15
BClocation not on record	15
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record	6
Monastir, TN	5
Córdoba, ES	5
MAlocation not on record	4
Alicante, ES	4
College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record	3
Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record	3
Madrid, ES	2
Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record	2
MeiseBGlocation not on record	2
Oulu, FI	2
Porrentruy, CH	2
Paris, FR	2
Salamanca, ES	2
Badajoz, ES	1
Stockholm, SE	1
Oskarshamn, SE	1
CJBGlocation not on record	1
ISAlocation not on record	1
Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record	1
Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record	1
Banyoles, ES	1
Québec, CA	1
Philadelphia, US	1
John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record	1

29 institutions · 156 of 165 vouchered records shown · 9 without an institution code

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA1 detections

Where the DNA of Centaurea collina was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found1

Studies independent surveys1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 1 detections have coordinates

Open the map0 countries0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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Centaurea collina

At a glance

Sources11 archives

Size & morphology1

Life cycle & reproduction2

Habitat & environment2

Physiology & chemistry1

Compound class profile5 classes

Documented compounds55 total

At a glance

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

Record type4 261 records

Origin

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions16 of 29 geolocated

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Record type4 261 records