Centaurea aspera
speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Centaurea aspera's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation6 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility19 023 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI2 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Centaurea aspera, the rough star-thistle, is a species of Centaurea found in Europe and in New York, United States. Centaurea aspera 3.jpg| Flower Bud Centaurea aspera 1.jpg| Plant Centaurea aspera - [[MHNT]]
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology8
Life cycle & reproduction6
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment8
Physiology & chemistry6
Compounds documented for Centaurea aspera across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds87 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | present | NPASS | |
| (-)-Matairesinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,4R,4aS,5S,6S,8aR)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-8a-methyl-6-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalene-1,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S)-4alpha-Ethenyl-2alpha-hydroxy-3beta-[1-(hydroxymethyl)ethenyl]-6alpha-[[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy | present | LOTUS | |
| (3aR,4S,6E,10Z,11aR)-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-Hexahydro-4-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylenecyclodeca(b)furan-2(3H)-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3aS,4R,6R,7S,7aS)-6-ethenyl-4-hydroxy-7-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-1-benzofuran-2-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3aS,5R,6E,10Z,11aS)-5-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3aS,5S,6E,10Z,11aR)-5-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3R,3aS,4R,5R,6S,7aS)-6-ethenyl-4-hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-2-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3S,3aR,4S,6E,10Z,11aR)-4-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Centaurea aspera has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Centaurea aspera carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2226×CCDB · brit-fl · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · nw-europe-fl +7
2n 207×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · book-fedorov · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants +1
2n 442×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 117×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 01×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
How it livedPBDB
Record type19 023 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions35 of 62 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| BDBClocation not on record | 120 |
| València, ES | 108 |
| BClocation not on record | 83 |
| Barcelona, ES | 76 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 47 |
| MAlocation not on record | 46 |
| South Kensington, GB | 23 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 22 |
| Paris, FR | 20 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 18 |
| Vitoria, ES | 17 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 17 |
| Wlocation not on record | 14 |
| Görlitz, DE | 11 |
| Salamanca, ES | 11 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 10 |
| Adelaide, AU | 9 |
| Alicante, ES | 8 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 7 |
| Madrid, ES | 7 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 7 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 6 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 6 |
| Badajoz, ES | 4 |
| Granada, ES | 4 |
| Dresden, DE | 4 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 4 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 3 |
| Sevilla, ES | 3 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 3 |
| Monastir, TN | 3 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 3 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 3 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| PRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Podgorica, ME | 2 |
| LDlocation not on record | 2 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bourges, FR | 2 |
| Berlin, DE | 2 |
| Córdoba, ES | 2 |
| Oulu, FI | 2 |
| Coimbra, PT | 1 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universite de Montpellierlocation not on record | 1 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 1 |
| Olocation not on record | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Jaén, ES | 1 |
| Boumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Pamplona, ES | 1 |
| Sion, CH | 1 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 1 |
| Denver, US | 1 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 1 |
| Bronx, US | 1 |
| Trondheim, NO | 1 |
| Canberra, AU | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| Macomb, US | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Centaurea aspera was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.