⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 7.92 m · USDA: 6.1 m · TRY: 7.92 m
Seed length13.33 mm
Seed mass1 206 mg
Life cycle & reproduction26
Bloom periodSpring
Coppice potentialYes
Deciduousnessdeciduous
Dispersal typeanimal
Flower colouryellow
Flower conspicuousNo
Fruit seed period beginSummer
Fruit seed period endFall
Growth rate USDAModerate
Life formshrub or tree
Life spanperennial
Lifespan categoryShort
Propagated by bare rootYes
Propagated by bulbNo
Propagated by containerYes
Propagated by cormNo
Propagated by cuttingsNo
Propagated by seedYes
Propagated by sodNo
Propagated by sprigsNo
Propagated by tubersNo
Raunkiær life formphanerophyte
Resprout abilityYes
Seed spread rateSlow
Seedling vigorHigh
Vegetative spread rateNone
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment23
Active growth periodSpring and Summer
Adapted to coarse textured soilsYes
Adapted to fine textured soilsNo
Adapted to medium textured soilsYes
BloatNone
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Foliage colorGreen
Foliage porosity summerDense
Foliage porosity winterPorous
Foliage textureCoarse
Fruit colourbrown
Growth formtree
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: tree · TRY: Tree, Shrub
Growth form USDAMultiple Stem
Hedge toleranceLow
Known allelopathNo
Leaf retentionNo
Low growing grassNo
Root depth min20 in
Shape and orientationErect
Small grainNo
Woodinesswoody
Physiology & chemistry24
Anaerobic toleranceNone
C:N ratioHigh
Caco3 toleranceLow
Cold stratification requiredYes
Drought toleranceHigh
Fertility requirementLow
Fire resistantNo
Fire toleranceHigh
Frost free days min150 days
Leaf c485 mg/g
Leaf n20.05 mg/g
Leaf p1.24 mg/g
Moisture useLow
Nitrogen fixation levelNone
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Precipitation max80 in
Precipitation min40 in
Protein potentialLow
Salinity toleranceNone
Shade toleranceMedium
Soil pH max6.6 pH
Soil pH min4.5 pH
Specific leaf area (SLA)16.17 mm²/mg
Temperature min-20 °F
Uses & economy16
Berry nut seed productYes
Christmas tree productNo
Commercial availabilityRoutinely Available
Fodder productNo
Fuelwood productMedium
Lumber productNo
Naval store productNo
Nursery stock productYes
Palatable browse animalHigh
Palatable graze animalLow
Palatable humanYes
Post productYes
Pulpwood productNo
Seeds per pound250 per lb
ToxicityNone
Veneer productNo
Other traits7
Fall conspicuousNo
Fruit seed abundanceLow
Fruit seed conspicuousYes
Fruit seed persistenceNo
Height at 20yr4.27 m
Planting density max1 200 per acre
Planting density min300 per acre
05DNA & barcoding4 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Castanea pumila has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens4
Marker genes3
GenBank sequences9
eDNA detections3
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK4★rbcL4★ITS1
plant barcodefungal barcode
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type3 202 records
Wild obs. + sensor1 802
Museum / vouchered1 227
Other173
Origin
Native4
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO7 740 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy81% within 1 km
≤100 m 1 065≤1 km 162≤10 km 75>10 km 222
1 524 georeferenced · 278 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor1 802
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy29% within 1 km
≤100 m 32≤1 km 140≤10 km 264>10 km 162
598 georeferenced · 629 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 227
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions66 of 97 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Bangkok, TH
193
Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record
88
Bronx, US
64
Williamsburg, US
60
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
58
College Park, US
48
Paris, FR
48
Tampa, US
39
Philadelphia, US
38
Wuzhou, CN
36
Jackson, US
33
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
29
DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record
24
Bloomington, US
23
Mississippi State, US
23
Knoxville, US
23
Miami, US
21
Chapel Hill, US
19
Norfolk, US
19
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
17
Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record
17
Columbia, US
15
Tuscaloosa, US
15
BAYLUlocation not on record
15
Austin, US
14
Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record
13
GAlocation not on record
13
AUAlocation not on record
13
Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record
12
Washington, US
11
Philadelphia, US
11
US
10
Saint Louis, US
9
Dover, US
8
Millersville, US
8
Flagstaff, US
7
Pullman, US
7
Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record
6
EL PASO, US
6
Burlington, US
6
University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record
5
Asheville, US
5
Fairfax, US
4
Clemson, US
4
Fort Worth, US
4
West Virginia Wesleyan Collegelocation not on record
3
Dresden, DE
3
Fredericksburg, US
3
Claremont, US
2
Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record
2
GB
2
Lincoln, US
2
Phoenix, US
2
Denver, US
2
ASUlocation not on record
2
Johnson City, US
2
Beijing, CN
2
Mexico City, MX
2
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
2
James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record
2
Lubbock, US
2
San Angelo, US
2
Portland, US
1
Durango, US
1
Long Beach, US
1
Due West, US
1
Davenport, US
1
Caldwell, US
1
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
1
Durham, US
1
University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record
1
Oswego, US
1
Audubon Society -- Silver Bluff Audubon Center and Sanctuarylocation not on record
1
Durham, US
1
DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record
1
China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record
1
Dekalb, US
1
Appalachian State Universitylocation not on record
1
North Carolina Museum of Natural Scienceslocation not on record
1
Emporia, US
1
Richmond, US
1
Mount Berry, US
1
Hamilton, US
1
Tempe, US
1
Chicago, US
1
Mexico City, MX
1
Northridge, US
1
Chicago, US
1
Florida Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
1
Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preservelocation not on record
1
University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record
1
Santa Barbara, US
1
Maryland Department of Natural Resourceslocation not on record
1
New Haven, US
1
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record
1
Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record
1
Boise, US
1
97 institutions · 1 213 of 1 227 vouchered records shown · 14 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA3 detections
Where the DNA of Castanea pumila was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found3
Studies independent surveys1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 3 detections have coordinates
Open the map0 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility3 202 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI3 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗