Cascabela thevetia
(L.) Lippold · speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records9 836
Data sources12
Biological traits61
DNA specimens42
eDNA detections25
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Cascabela thevetia's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation14 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility9 836 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI25 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics42 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
giftgenome & karyotype
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗On this page7 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements4 literature sources61 traits
Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS151 compounds
Occurrence & distributionGBIF9 836 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 4 countries25 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD42 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GIFT2n = 20
01Narrative
Cascabela thevetia (syn: Thevetia peruviana) is a poisonous plant native throughout Mexico and in Central America, and cultivated widely as an ornamental. It is a relative of Nerium oleander, giving it a common name yellow oleander, and is also called lucky nut in the West Indies.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesWCVPGIFTAusTraitsTRY
Size & morphology23
Fruit length20 mm
Fruit length max25 mm
Fruit width30 mm
Fruit width max40 mm
Fruit width min30 mm
Inflorescence length max9 cm
Inflorescence length min5 cm
Leaf length70 mm
⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: 70 mm · GIFT: 125 mm
Leaf length max150 mm
Leaf length min60 mm
Leaf size1 176 mm²
Leaf width6 mm
Leaf width max150 mm
Leaf width min4 mm
Petiole length0.2 cm
Plant height4.5 m
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 4.5 m · AusTraits: 4 m · TRY: 5 m
Plant height max9 m
Plant height min3 m
Seed length14 mm
Seed length max10 mm
Seed mass385 mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 385 mg · GIFT: 1 908 mg
Seed mass max3 431 mg
Seed mass min385 mg
Life cycle & reproduction10
Deciduousnessevergreen
Dehiscenceindehiscent
Dispersal typeunspecialized
Flower colouryellow
Flowering endOct
Flowering startJun
Flowering timeyyyyyynnnnnn
Life formshrub or tree
Life spanperennial
Raunkiær life formphanerophyte
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment17
Aquaticterrestrial
Climateseasonally dry tropical
Climberself-supporting
Elevation max1 500 m
Elevation mean350 m
Elevation min0 m
Epiphyteterrestrial
Fruit colourblack
Fruit fleshinessfleshy
Fruit typedrupe
Growth formtree
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: tree · AusTraits: shrub · TRY: Tree
Leaf compoundnesssimple
Leaf formlinear
Leaf shapelanceolate linear
Mycorrhiza type0.0000000000477
Succulenceno
Woodinesswoody
Physiology & chemistry8
Leaf C:N ratio21.16 g/g
Leaf c399 mg/g
Leaf n19.2 mg/g
Leaf p1.3 mg/g
Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Specific leaf area (SLA)16.51 mm²/mg
Wood density720 mg/cm³
Other traits2
Leaf arrangementalternate
Seeds per fruit1-10
03Chemical composition151 compounds
Compounds documented for Cascabela thevetia across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Cardenolides66
Flavonols19
Iridoids monoterpenoids10
Ursane and Taraxastane triterpenoids4
Oleanane triterpenoids4
Documented compounds151 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (18|A)-Oleanolic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,2S,5S,6R,9R,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-13-methylspiro[7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosane-6,4'-oxolane]-2'-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,2S,5S,6R,9R,12S,13S,16S,18R)-2-hydroxy-16-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-13-methylspiro[7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosane-6,4'-oxolane]-2'-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-13-methylspiro[7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosane-6,4'-oxolane]-2'-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,3S,4R,6S)-3-[(R)-bromo-[(2R,3R,5S,6R)-3,5-dibromo-6-ethyloxan-2-yl]methyl]-6-ethynyl-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,4aR,7aR)-4a-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,4S,6S,9R,11S,14S)-14-bromo-9-ethenyl-4,9,11,15,15-pentamethyl-5,10-dioxatricyclo[9.4.0.04,6]pentadecane | present | NPASS | |
| (2R)-7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | present | LOTUS |
05DNA & barcoding42 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Cascabela thevetia has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens42
Marker genes6
eDNA detections25
Countries6
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLa★ITSrpoC1trnH-psbA
plant barcodefungal barcodemarker
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GIFT
The complete instruction manual Cascabela thevetia carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 20 n = 10
Ploidy2× diploid · measured
Chromosome records18–222n range20median20mode16records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 2010×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 +3
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Ugborogho, R. E. 1983. In IOPB chromosome number reports LXXIX. Taxon 32: 321.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Gadella, T. W. J. 1977d. In IOPB chromosome number reports LVI. Taxon 26: 257–274.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Laan, F. M. v. d. & J. C. Arends. 1985. Cytotaxonomy of Apocynaceae. Genetica 68: 3–35.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Santhosh, B. & N. Omanakumari. 1997. Karyomorphological studies on two varieties of Thevetia peruviana. J. Cytol. Genet. 32(2): 95–98.
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — DATTA, P.C., & R.K. MAITI. 1972. Relationships of Plumieraea (Apocynaceael 1. Based on karyology. Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 26(1): 9- 19.
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Hardas, M.W. & Joshi, A.B. 1954; Chauhan, A.K.S. & Raghuvanshi, s.s. 1977
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Tapadar, N.N. Roy & Sen, N.K. 1960a, b ; Tapadar, N.N. Roy 1964a ; Mehra, P.N. & Gill, L.S. 1968a ; Gadella, T.W.J. 1977
CCDB · eflora
CCDB · book-fedorov — Hardas, Joshi 1954
GIFT · GIFT (floras)
2n 184×CCDB · book-indian_vol1 · CCDB · book-fedorov · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants +1
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Pathak, G.N. et al. 1949
CCDB · book-fedorov — Pathak et al. 1949'
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — Pathak et al. 1949
GIFT · GIFT (floras)
2n 222×CCDB · book-indian_vol1 · GIFT · GIFT (floras)
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Nanda, P.C. 1962
GIFT · GIFT (floras)
n 101×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — MEHRA, P.M., & L.S. GILL. 1968. In IOPB chromosome number reports XVI. Taxon 17: 199-204.
n 111×CCDB · Cave1962
CCDB · Cave1962 — Nanda 1962
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
diploid1×GIFT · GIFT (floras)
GIFT · GIFT (floras)
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
PloiDB · family-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type9 836 records
Wild obs. + sensor9 073
Museum / vouchered733
Cultivated / captive14
Other16
Origin
Native3
Introduced2 812
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO23 364 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy50% within 1 km
≤100 m 2 600≤1 km 640≤10 km 3 074>10 km 167
6 481 georeferenced · 2 592 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor9 073
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy73% within 1 km
≤100 m 197≤1 km 47≤10 km 72>10 km 20
336 georeferenced · 397 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence733
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy
no georeferenced coordinates · 14 records without
Open the mapnot free-living14
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions37 of 98 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Brisbane, AU | 93 |
| Durango, MX | 93 |
| Chicago, US | 86 |
| Bronx, US | 55 |
| Saint Louis, US | 48 |
| Mexico City, MX | 46 |
| QAUlocation not on record | 25 |
| Mérida, MX | 16 |
| Smithfield, AU | 14 |
| Palmerston, AU | 12 |
| Canberra, AU | 11 |
| Durban, ZA | 11 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 10 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 10 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 9 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 9 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 7 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 7 |
| Santiago de Cali, CO | 6 |
| Universidad del Valle (UV)location not on record | 6 |
| Loja, EC | 6 |
| Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record | 5 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 5 |
| Baroda, IN | 5 |
| Kensington, AU | 5 |
| León, NI | 4 |
| Universidad del Quindío (UniQuindío)location not on record | 4 |
| Government College University Lahore, Dr. Sultan Ahmad Herbariumlocation not on record | 4 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Denver, US | 4 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 3 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 3 |
| James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record | 3 |
| Guasave, MX | 3 |
| Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| IFAN Ch. A. Dioplocation not on record | 3 |
| Armidale, AU | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Adelaide, AU | 2 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 2 |
| Honolulu, US | 2 |
| Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres" (JBC)location not on record | 2 |
| Dekalb, US | 2 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 2 |
| Seropédica, BR | 2 |
| San Luis Potosí, MX | 2 |
| UFRRJlocation not on record | 2 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 2 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologialocation not on record | 2 |
| Brussels, BE | 2 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record | 1 |
| Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeirolocation not on record | 1 |
| Ojo, NG | 1 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 1 |
| BMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad del Tolima (UT)location not on record | 1 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 1 |
| FLASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 1 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Corporación Autónoma Regional Para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB)location not on record | 1 |
| Bharathiar Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 1 |
| South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 1 |
| Qarshi Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Zapopan, MX | 1 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgolocation not on record | 1 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 1 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 1 |
| HAWlocation not on record | 1 |
| Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chilelocation not on record | 1 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 1 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 1 |
| M.P. Council of Science and Technology, Indialocation not on record | 1 |
| Alexandria Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record | 1 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 1 |
| Millersville, US | 1 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 1 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Pretoria National Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sangmiung Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 1 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 1 |
98 institutions · 716 of 733 vouchered records shown · 15 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA25 detections
Where the DNA of Cascabela thevetia was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found25
Studies independent surveys1
Countries4
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 25 detections have coordinates
Open the map4 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median25.1 °C 18.2–29.0
Seasonal swing summer↔winter16.5 °C
Max temp (day)28.9 °C 25.6–35.0
Min temp (night)19.3 °C 12.2–23.6
Precipitation49.5 mm/mo 5.10–206
Air humidity52.0 % 43.4–66.5
Moisture balance-19.0 mm/mo -123–201
Vapour deficit1,156 Pa 1,007–2,064
Wind speed2.00 m/s 1.70–3.00
Cloud cover25.2 % 12.2–29.9
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 17 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.