Carpinus caroliniana
Walter · speciesAt a glance
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Carpinus caroliniana's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility18 641 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI22 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics35 specimens↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Carpinus caroliniana, the American hornbeam, is a small hardwood tree in the genus Carpinus. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech, ironwood, musclewood and muscle beech. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota and southern Ontario east to Maine, and south to eastern Texas and northern Florida. It also grows in Canada (southwest Quebec and southeast Ontario). It occurs naturally in shaded areas with moist soil, particularly near the banks of streams or rivers, and is often a natural constituent understory species of the riverine and maritime forests of eastern temperate North America.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology4
Life cycle & reproduction29
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment25
Physiology & chemistry26
Uses & economy16
Other traits7
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Carpinus caroliniana has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Carpinus caroliniana carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 163×CCDB · eflora · CCDB · book-fedorov · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
How it livedPBDB
Record type18 641 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions124 of 187 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Durango, MX | 437 |
| Philadelphia, US | 276 |
| Bronx, US | 213 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 193 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 185 |
| Mexico City, MX | 127 |
| Bangkok, TH | 103 |
| Saint Louis, US | 100 |
| Tampa, US | 96 |
| Toronto, CA | 85 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 76 |
| Jackson, US | 67 |
| Williamsburg, US | 63 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 58 |
| Austin, US | 57 |
| New Haven, US | 56 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 46 |
| Tempe, US | 37 |
| Québec, CA | 35 |
| Green Bay, US | 34 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 33 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 32 |
| Millersville, US | 32 |
| College Park, US | 31 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 30 |
| Madison, US | 30 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 29 |
| GAlocation not on record | 29 |
| Fort Worth, US | 29 |
| Philadelphia, US | 28 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 27 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 27 |
| Mississippi State, US | 26 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 26 |
| Chapingo, MX | 25 |
| Norfolk, US | 24 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 24 |
| San Francisco, US | 20 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 20 |
| Miami, US | 19 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 19 |
| Columbia, US | 19 |
| Mexico City, MX | 18 |
| Riverside, US | 18 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 17 |
| Staten Island, US | 17 |
| US | 16 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 16 |
| Clemson, US | 14 |
| Montréal, CA | 13 |
| Dekalb, US | 13 |
| Flagstaff, US | 12 |
| Dover, US | 12 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 12 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 11 |
| Chicago, US | 10 |
| Henderson State Universitylocation not on record | 10 |
| EL PASO, US | 10 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 10 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 10 |
| Washington, US | 10 |
| Hudson, US | 10 |
| Burlington, US | 10 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 9 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 9 |
| Kew, GB | 9 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 9 |
| Fairfax, US | 9 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 9 |
| Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipaslocation not on record | 8 |
| DOI/NPS, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Traillocation not on record | 8 |
| Fayetteville, US | 8 |
| Puebla, MX | 8 |
| Beijing, CN | 7 |
| Mexico City, MX | 7 |
| Smithsonian Institutionlocation not on record | 7 |
| Harrisonburg, US | 7 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 7 |
| CASlocation not on record | 7 |
| Hamilton, US | 6 |
| St. Paul, US | 6 |
| Pullman, US | 6 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 6 |
| Denver, US | 6 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 6 |
| Mérida, MX | 5 |
| Little Rock, US | 5 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 5 |
| Knoxville, US | 5 |
| Edmonton, CA | 5 |
| Chicago, US | 5 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 5 |
| Provo, US | 5 |
| Weber State Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record | 5 |
| Conway, US | 5 |
| US | 5 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Macomb, US | 4 |
| Wlocation not on record | 4 |
| Asheville, US | 4 |
| Austin, US | 4 |
| San Angelo, US | 4 |
| GB | 4 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 4 |
| Tapachula, MX | 4 |
| Richmond, US | 4 |
| Davenport, US | 4 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 4 |
| Lincoln, US | 4 |
| Boise, US | 4 |
| Russellville, US | 4 |
| Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticoslocation not on record | 3 |
| Black Rock Forest Consortiumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 3 |
| Chadron, US | 3 |
| Morelia, MX | 3 |
| IFR-DNFlocation not on record | 3 |
| Moscow, US | 3 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 3 |
| Guasave, MX | 3 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Claremont, US | 3 |
| Durango, US | 3 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Cincinnati, US | 3 |
| Giardini Botanici Hanburylocation not on record | 3 |
| Angwin, US | 3 |
| MAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Emporia, US | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 2 |
| Minia, EG | 2 |
| Paris, FR | 2 |
| Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC-UPF)location not on record | 2 |
| Johnson City, US | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Oswego, US | 2 |
| Whitewater, US | 2 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Montréal, CA | 2 |
| West Virginia Wesleyan Collegelocation not on record | 2 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| NO DISPONIBLElocation not on record | 2 |
| Tlalnepantla, MX | 2 |
| Decorah, US | 2 |
| Northridge, US | 2 |
| Portland, US | 2 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 2 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 2 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 2 |
| Wellington, NZ | 2 |
| Phoenix, US | 2 |
| Lubbock, US | 2 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 2 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Audubon Society -- Silver Bluff Audubon Center and Sanctuarylocation not on record | 1 |
| Long Beach, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 1 |
| Vancouver, CA | 1 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 |
| University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record | 1 |
| Baltimore, US | 1 |
| South Kensington, GB | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Culiacán, MX | 1 |
| McGill University, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| Toluca, MX | 1 |
| Facultad de Ingeniería en Tecnología de la Madera, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgolocation not on record | 1 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 1 |
| Tulane Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Barcelona, ES | 1 |
| Universidad Autónoma de Nayaritlocation not on record | 1 |
| LDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Moreloslocation not on record | 1 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 1 |
| Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca, A. C.location not on record | 1 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Conway, US | 1 |
| Kunming, CN | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Carpinus caroliniana was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.