Carlina acaulis
speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records100 739
Data sources12
Biological traits39
DNA specimens9
eDNA detections5
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Carlina acaulis's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility100 739 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI5 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics9 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗On this page7 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements4 literature sources39 traits
Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS91 compounds
Occurrence & distributionGBIF100 739 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 2 countries5 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD9 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT5 Gbp
01Narrative
La Carline acaule est une plante de la famille des Astéracées du genre Carlina. Le qualificatif « acaule » signifie que le capitule ne possède pas de tige apparente, reposant directement sur la rosette des feuilles.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesGIFTLEDATRYWCVP
Size & morphology10
Leaf mass390 mg
Leaf size895 mm²
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 895 mm² · LEDA: 4 001 mm² · GIFT: 4 001 mm²
Plant height0.31 m
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.31 m · LEDA: 0.31 m · TRY: 0.09 m
Plant height generative0.055 m
Plant height max0.4 m
Plant height min0.03 m
Seed length5 mm
Seed mass3.96 mg
Seed mass max4.05 mg
Seed mass min4.05 mg
Life cycle & reproduction12
Deciduousnessaestival
⚠ sources differ — TRY: aestival · GIFT: deciduous
Dispersal typebythisochor
Flowering endSep
Flowering startAug
Life formperennial
Life spanperennial
Lifespan years7 years
Pollination modebiotic
Pollination syndromeinsect
Raunkiær life formhemicryptophyte
Seed number29 556
Self fertilizationpresent
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment7
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatesubalpine or subarctic
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Growth formherb
Habitat GIFTforest, meadows, mountains
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry8
Leaf C:N ratio23.8 g/g
Leaf c442 mg/g
Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)205 mg/g
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 205 mg/g · LEDA: 183 mg/g
Leaf n19.05 mg/g
Leaf p2.61 mg/g
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Seed longevity index0
Specific leaf area (SLA)11.71 mm²/mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 11.71 mm²/mg · LEDA: 10.96 mm²/mg · GIFT: 10.96 mm²/mg
Other traits1
Diaspore typegenerative dispersule
03Chemical composition91 compounds
Compounds documented for Carlina acaulis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Flavonols54
Flavones11
Unsaturated fatty acids8
Guaiane sesquiterpenoids2
Fatty alcohols $ Fatty aldehydes $ Unsaturated fatty acids2
Documented compounds91 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-(2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxychromen-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| 2-(2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxychromen-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| 2-(2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxychromen-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| 2-(3-Phenylpropa-1,2-dienyl)furan | present | LOTUS | |
| 3',4',5,7-Tetrahydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyflavone | present | NPASS | |
| 3,5,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone | present | NPASS | |
| 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy-6,8-dimethoxyflavone | present | NPASS |
05DNA & barcoding9 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Carlina acaulis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens9
Marker genes3
eDNA detections5
Countries3
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★ITS
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT
The complete instruction manual Carlina acaulis carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size4 981 932 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
THIS GENOME Carlina acaulis4.98 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 20 n = 10
Ploidy2× diploid · measured
Chromosome records20–222n range20median20mode35records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 2034×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · slov-fl +9
GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database — ↗
CCDB · ita-fl — ARATA M. - 1944. Sulla cariologia del genere Carlina L.. N. Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. , 51: 39-44.
CCDB · ita-fl — PERUZZI L., CESCA G. - 2002. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants from Calabria, S Italy. Willdenowia , 32(1): 33-44.
CCDB · slov-fl — Májovský J. et al., 1974a: Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora (Part 3). - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 22: 1-20.
CCDB · slov-fl — Hindáková M., 1992: Karyological study of the Slovak flora XXVII. - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 39: 63-65.
CCDB · fl-europaea — Arata, 1944
CCDB · poland — Skali?ska M., Pogan E., Czapik R. et al. 1978. Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms. Twelfth contribution. Acta Biol. Cracov. Ser. Bot. 21, 31-63.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Meusel, H. & A. Kästner. 1990. Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln[.] Monographie der Mediterran--Mitteleuropäischen Compositen-Gattung Carlina Band I[.] Merkmalsspektren und Lebensräume der Gattung. Oesterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 127: 1–294.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Skalinska, M. 1978. Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish angiosperms. Twelfth contribution. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 21: 31–63.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Skalinska, M., E. Pogan, R. CZAPIK & e. al. 1978. Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish angiosperms. XII. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 21: 31–63.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Kovanda, M. 1984. Chromosome numbers in selected Angiosperms (2). Preslia 56: 289–301.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Meusel, H. & A. Kästner. 1994. Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln: Monographie der mediterran-mitteleuropäischen Compositen-Gattung Carlina, Band II. Oesterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 128:.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Peruzzi, L. & G. Cesca. 2002. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants from Calabria, S Italy. Willdenowia 32: 33–44.
CCDB · book-ipcn72 — SZ.-BORSOS, 0. 1971. Contribution to the knowledge on the chromosome numbers of Phanerogams growing in Hungary and southeastern Europe. II. Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 37-46.
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — MAJOVSKY, J., ET AL. 1974. Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora. (Part 3). Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comenianae Bot. 22: 1-20.
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — LEUTE, G.-H. 1974. In IOPB chromosome number reports XLVI. Taxon 23: 801-812.
CCDB · book-fedorov — MoD.Ay6uan-Apuonb)l.D 1931
CCDB · book-fedorov — JieBHTCKHii (T. 1935-1936), 1940
CCDB · book-fedorov — Arata 1944
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
CCDB · kew — Temsch EM, Temsch W, Ehrendorfer-Schratt L, Greilhuber J. 2010. Heavy metal pollution, selection, and genome size: The species of the Žerjav study revisited with flow cytometry. Journal of Botany 2010: Article ID 596542, 11 pages.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Meusel, H. & A. Kästner. (1990). Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln[.] Monographie der Mediterran--Mitteleuropäischen Compositen-Gattung Carlina Band I[.] Merkmalsspektren und Lebensräume der Gattung. Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Skalinska, M., E. Pogan, R. Czapik. (1978). Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms. XII. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 21: 31-63.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Druskovic, B. & Lovka, M. (1995). IOPB Chromosome Data 9 (ed. C.A. Stace). Int. Organ. Pl. Biosyst. Newslett. 24: 15-19.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Löve, A. & Löve, D. (1982c). Reports [In Löve, A. (ed.), IOPB chromosome numbers reports LXXVI]. Taxon 31(3): 583-587.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Pustahija, F., Šoli?, E.M., Boguni?, F., Muratovi?, E., Baši?, N., Catrice, O. & S. C. Brown. (2010). Towards a Genome Size and Chromosome Number Database of Balkan Flora: C-Values in 343 Taxa with Novel Values for 242 Advanced Scienc
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Kovanda, M. (1984). Chromosome numbers in selected Angiosperms. (2). Preslia 56: 289-301.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Peruzzi, L. & G. Cesca. (2002). Chromosome numbers of flowering plants from Calabria, S Italy. Willdenowia 32: 33–44.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Kerguélen, M. (1998). Index synonymique de la Flore de France INRA-MNHN Dijon
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Leute, G. -H. (1974). Reports [In Löve, A. (ed.), IOPB chromosome numbers reports XLVI]. Taxon 23(5/6): 811-812.
2n 221×CCDB · ita-fl
CCDB · ita-fl — LOEVE A., LOEVE D. - 1982. IOPB chromosome number reports LXXVI.. Taxon , 31(3): 583-587.
n 04×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Meusel, H. & A. Kästner. (1990). Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln[.] Monographie der Mediterran--Mitteleuropäischen Compositen-Gattung Carlina Band I[.] Merkmalsspektren und Lebensräume der Gattung. Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Skalinska, M., E. Pogan, R. Czapik. (1978). Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms. XII. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 21: 31-63.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Peruzzi, L. & G. Cesca. (2002). Chromosome numbers of flowering plants from Calabria, S Italy. Willdenowia 32: 33–44.
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type100 739 records
Wild obs. + sensor95 133
Museum / vouchered3 369
Cultivated / captive53
Other2 184
Origin
Native2
Introduced8
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO89 632 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy40% within 1 km
≤100 m 17 432≤1 km 8 023≤10 km 37 320>10 km 293
63 068 georeferenced · 32 065 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor95 133
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy36% within 1 km
≤100 m 352≤1 km 524≤10 km 1 555>10 km 5
2 436 georeferenced · 933 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence3 369
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 8
8 georeferenced · 45 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living53
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions28 of 66 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 1 789 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 467 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 406 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 132 |
| Salzburg, AT | 113 |
| No collectionlocation not on record | 99 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 58 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 32 |
| LDlocation not on record | 22 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 15 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 15 |
| Dresden, DE | 14 |
| Bern, CH | 14 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 12 |
| Mlocation not on record | 10 |
| BClocation not on record | 9 |
| IFR-DNFlocation not on record | 8 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 8 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 7 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 7 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 7 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 6 |
| Palacký University in Olomouclocation not on record | 5 |
| Görlitz, DE | 5 |
| Barcelona, ES | 5 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 5 |
| Vitoria, ES | 4 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 4 |
| Wlocation not on record | 4 |
| Bronx, US | 4 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 4 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 4 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| Glarus, CH | 3 |
| Paris, FR | 3 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 3 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 3 |
| Berlin, DE | 2 |
| Sant Julià de Lòria, AD | 2 |
| South Kensington, GB | 2 |
| PRClocation not on record | 2 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| MAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bourges, FR | 2 |
| University of Gdansk, Dept. of Plant Taxonomy & Nature Conservationlocation not on record | 2 |
| Sion, CH | 1 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 1 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| València, ES | 1 |
| Tilburg, NL | 1 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record | 1 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Pullman, US | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| H-Wolflocation not on record | 1 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 1 |
| Vancouver, CA | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
66 institutions · 3 346 of 3 369 vouchered records shown · 22 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA5 detections
Where the DNA of Carlina acaulis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found5
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 5 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median16.8 °C 15.0–18.6
Seasonal swing summer↔winter20.0 °C
Max temp (day)21.1 °C 19.3–22.9
Min temp (night)11.9 °C 9.80–13.9
Precipitation74.6 mm/mo 72.7–76.5
Air humidity58.6 % 58.3–58.9
Moisture balance-40.8 mm/mo -56.9–-24.7
Vapour deficit846 Pa 795–897
Wind speed3.30 m/s 2.70–3.80
Cloud cover34.6 % 29.6–39.6
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 2 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.