Carissa spinarum
speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Carissa spinarum's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility3 616 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI17 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics46 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Carissa edulis ou Carissa spinarum ou Carissa pubescens A. DC., encore appelé tchaboule bali, bagozahi ou chizaki en foulfouldé, est une espèce d'arbuste épineux de la famille des Apocynaceae originaire d’Afrique tropicale mais qu'on retrouve en Afrique tropicale et en Asie tropicale, en Australie et certaines des îles de l'Océan Indien, notamment La Réunion, où il est protégé. C'est une espèce de milieu côtier semi-aride largement répandue en Afrique. Au Cameroun, elle est présente dans les savanes soudaniennes et guinéennes de même que dans les zones côtières à proximité de la forêt caducifoliée. Arbuste très ramifié et à feuilles persistantes épineux, sa hauteur est au-delà de 5 m et forme un couvert végétal dense pouvant être utilisé comme des haies vives. Toutes les parties de la plante libèrent un latex laiteux blanc et non toxique.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology14
Life cycle & reproduction7
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment13
Physiology & chemistry9
Other traits6
Compounds documented for Carissa spinarum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds152 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-4-Epi-cryptomeridiol | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Dioscin | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Nortrachelogenin | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-Carinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-Lariciresinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-Wikstromol | present | LOTUS | |
| (17R)-1-Acetyl-19,20-didehydro-17,18-epoxycuran-17-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,2R,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-ol | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2R,4R,5R,8S,11R,13S,14S,15R,16S,19S,22S,23R,25S)-2,19-dihydroxy-13,16,23-trimethyl-6,10,17,26,27,30-hexaoxanonacyclo[23.2.2.15,14.15,15.01,23.04,22.08,13.011,16.015,19]hentriacont-28-ene-9,18,24,31-tetrone | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-10,16-diol | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Carissa spinarum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Carissa spinarum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2212×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 · CCDB · book-fedorov +1
2n 281×CCDB · book-indian_vol1
n 114×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type3 616 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions37 of 78 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Paris, FR | 233 |
| Saint Louis, US | 133 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 93 |
| Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record | 70 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 57 |
| Kew, GB | 54 |
| Kunming, CN | 44 |
| Plocation not on record | 35 |
| QAUlocation not on record | 35 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 32 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 31 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 28 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 28 |
| Armidale, AU | 26 |
| Centre National d'Application des Recherches Pharmaceutiques (CNARP)location not on record | 26 |
| Beijing, CN | 17 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rurallocation not on record | 14 |
| LaCarto/IGATE/UAClocation not on record | 14 |
| Baroda, IN | 14 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 13 |
| Stockholm, SE | 13 |
| Glocation not on record | 12 |
| South Kensington, GB | 12 |
| Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record | 10 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 10 |
| Wlocation not on record | 9 |
| LSFlocation not on record | 9 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| Berlin, DE | 8 |
| Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, United States National Herbariumlocation not on record | 8 |
| Canberra, AU | 8 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 8 |
| Honolulu, US | 7 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 7 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 6 |
| Zürich, CH | 6 |
| Southwest Forestry Collegelocation not on record | 6 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 5 |
| John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 5 |
| Bronx, US | 4 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 4 |
| Yunnan Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 4 |
| NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record | 3 |
| Yangling, CN | 3 |
| Arusha, TZ | 3 |
| MSB-3054location not on record | 3 |
| Fort Worth, US | 3 |
| DSMlocation not on record | 2 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 2 |
| Pretoria National Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| MAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Orto botanico dell'Università degli Studi di Catanialocation not on record | 2 |
| Miami, US | 2 |
| University of Johannesburg, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnologylocation not on record | 2 |
| Davis, US | 2 |
| National Museums of Kenyalocation not on record | 2 |
| University of Hargeisalocation not on record | 2 |
| Tampa, US | 2 |
| EAlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Johannesburglocation not on record | 1 |
| Philadelphia, US | 1 |
| Chengdu, CN | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| Seychelles National Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nanjing, CN | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 1 |
| Addis Ababa, ET | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 1 |
| Qarshi Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Guilin, CN | 1 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Carissa spinarum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.