Size & morphology1
Plant height0.85 m
Life cycle & reproduction25
After harvest regrowth rateSlow
Bloom periodLate Spring
Coppice potentialNo
Flower colourgreen
Flower conspicuousNo
Fruit seed period beginSummer
Fruit seed period endSummer
Growth rate USDASlow
Life formperennial or rhizomatous geophyte
Life spanperennial
Lifeform raunkiaer detailedgeophyte
Lifespan categoryLong
Propagated by bare rootYes
Propagated by bulbNo
Propagated by containerNo
Propagated by cormNo
Propagated by cuttingsNo
Propagated by seedYes
Propagated by sodNo
Propagated by sprigsYes
Propagated by tubersNo
Resprout abilityNo
Seed spread rateSlow
Seedling vigorLow
Vegetative spread rateSlow
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment24
Active growth periodSpring and Summer
Adapted to coarse textured soilsYes
Adapted to fine textured soilsNo
Adapted to medium textured soilsYes
Aquaticterrestrial
BloatNone
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Foliage colorGreen
Foliage porosity summerModerate
Foliage porosity winterPorous
Foliage textureMedium
Fruit colourbrown
Growth formherb⚠ sources differ — GIFT: herb · TRY: Graminoid
Growth form USDARhizomatous
Hedge toleranceNone
Known allelopathNo
Leaf retentionNo
Low growing grassNo
Root depth min8 in
Shape and orientationErect
Small grainNo
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry19
Anaerobic toleranceHigh
C:N ratioMedium
Caco3 toleranceLow
Cold stratification requiredNo
Drought toleranceLow
Fertility requirementLow
Fire resistantNo
Fire toleranceHigh
Frost free days min90 days
Moisture useMedium
Nitrogen fixation levelNone
Precipitation max50 in
Precipitation min32 in
Protein potentialLow
Salinity toleranceNone
Shade toleranceLow
Soil pH max7 pH
Soil pH min5 pH
Temperature min-33 °F
Uses & economy14
Berry nut seed productNo
Christmas tree productNo
Commercial availabilityRoutinely Available
Fodder productNo
Lumber productNo
Naval store productNo
Nursery stock productNo
Palatable browse animalLow
Palatable graze animalLow
Palatable humanNo
Post productNo
Pulpwood productNo
ToxicityNone
Veneer productNo
Other traits6
Fall conspicuousNo
Fruit seed abundanceLow
Fruit seed conspicuousNo
Fruit seed persistenceNo
Planting density max4 800 per acre
Planting density min2 700 per acre