Canella is a monospecific genus containing the species Canella winterana, a tree native to the Caribbean from the Florida Keys to Barbados. Its bark is used as a spice similar to cinnamon, giving rise to the common names cinnamon bark, wild cinnamon, and white cinnamon.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 11.69 m · USDA: 10.06 m · TRY: 12.5 m
Seed mass25.16 mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 25.16 mg · GIFT: 45.5 mg
Life cycle & reproduction24
Bloom periodSummer
Coppice potentialNo
Deciduousnessevergreen
Dispersal typeanimal
Flower colourred
Flower conspicuousNo
Fruit seed period beginYear Round
Fruit seed period endYear Round
Life formshrub or tree
Life spanperennial
Pollination modebiotic
Pollination syndromeinsect
Propagated by bare rootYes
Propagated by bulbNo
Propagated by containerYes
Propagated by cormNo
Propagated by cuttingsNo
Propagated by seedYes
Propagated by sodNo
Propagated by sprigsNo
Propagated by tubersNo
Raunkiær life formphanerophyte
Resprout abilityNo
Self fertilizationabsent
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment20
Active growth periodSpring
Adapted to coarse textured soilsYes
Adapted to fine textured soilsYes
Adapted to medium textured soilsNo
Aquaticterrestrial
BloatNone
Climatewet tropical
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Foliage colorGreen
Foliage textureMedium
Fruit colourred
Growth formtree
Hedge toleranceLow
Known allelopathNo
Leaf retentionYes
Low growing grassNo
Root depth min36 in
Small grainNo
Woodinesswoody
Physiology & chemistry12
Caco3 toleranceMedium
Cold stratification requiredNo
Fertility requirementMedium
Fire resistantNo
Frost free days min365 days
Nitrogen fixation levelNone
Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Salinity toleranceMedium
Specific leaf area (SLA)7.76 mm²/mg
Temperature min40 °F
Wood density900 mg/cm³
Uses & economy15
Berry nut seed productNo
Christmas tree productNo
Commercial availabilityRoutinely Available
Fodder productNo
Lumber productNo
Naval store productNo
Nursery stock productYes
Palatable browse animalLow
Palatable graze animalLow
Palatable humanYes
Post productNo
Pulpwood productNo
Seeds per pound9 979 per lb
ToxicityNone
Veneer productNo
Other traits6
Fall conspicuousNo
Fruit seed conspicuousYes
Fruit seed persistenceYes
Height at 20yr14.94 m
Planting density max640 per acre
Planting density min320 per acre
03Chemical composition160 compounds
Compounds documented for Canella winterana across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Canella winterana has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens15
Marker genes5
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections15
Countries2
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P★matK6★rbcL4★rbcLa★ITS
animal barcodeplant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualCanella winterana carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size5 672 400 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
THIS GENOME Canella winterana5.67 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Goldblatt, P. 197 [1977]. New or noteworthy chromosome records in the angiosperms. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63(4): 889–895.
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Goldblatt 1976a
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Goldblatt, P. 1976
CCDB · eflora
07Deep time~44.1 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin44.1 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type639 records
Wild obs. + sensor244
Museum / vouchered395
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO1 408 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy75% within 1 km
≤100 m 133≤1 km 23≤10 km 28>10 km 23
207 georeferenced · 37 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor244
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy75% within 1 km
≤100 m 61≤1 km 25≤10 km 13>10 km 16
115 georeferenced · 280 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence395
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions31 of 48 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Saint Louis, US
46
South Kensington, GB
36
Kew, GB
34
Mexico City, MX
26
Minia, EG
23
Durango, MX
19
Miami, US
16
MEXUlocation not on record
12
Austin, US
9
Mérida, MX
8
Bronx, US
7
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
7
NHMJlocation not on record
7
Tampa, US
7
Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record
6
Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record
5
Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX
4
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
4
Montréal, CA
4
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
3
Fort Worth, US
3
Fredericksburg, US
3
San Francisco de Campeche, MX
3
ASUlocation not on record
3
Mérida, MX
3
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
3
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologialocation not on record
2
Riverside, US
2
Chicago, US
2
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
2
Tapachula, MX
2
MeiseBGlocation not on record
2
USP-IBlocation not on record
2
Stockholm, SE
1
San Diego, US
1
Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX
1
Paris, FR
1
Provo, US
1
Frankfurt am Main
1
Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record
1
Phoenix, US
1
IPA/SPlocation not on record
1
Berlin, DE
1
CJBGlocation not on record
1
San José, CR
1
Santa Barbara, US
1
EL PASO, US
1
Escuela Agrícola Panamericanalocation not on record
1
48 institutions · 330 of 395 vouchered records shown · 65 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA15 detections
Where the DNA of Canella winterana was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found15
Studies independent surveys2
Countries2
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 15 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median24.2 °C 24.2–27.5
Seasonal swing summer↔winter4.50 °C
Max temp (day)28.7 °C 28.7–32.9
Min temp (night)20.5 °C 20.5–23.1
Precipitation62.1 mm/mo 62.1–123
Air humidity60.8 % 60.7–62.5
Moisture balance-81.6 mm/mo -81.6–-40.2
Vapour deficit1,179 Pa 1,179–1,398
Wind speed2.50 m/s 1.70–2.50
Cloud cover30.2 % 23.2–30.2
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 5 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation10 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility639 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI15 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics15 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗