Breynia disticha
J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. · speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Breynia disticha's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation6 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility811 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI5 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics5 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Breynia disticha is a plant in the family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to New Caledonia and Vanuatu in the western Pacific, but naturalized on a wide assortment of other islands around the world (West Indies, São Tomé, Seychelles, Chagos Islands, Bonin Islands, Norfolk Island, Fiji, Line Islands, Society Islands, Hawaii, etc.), as well as in the U.S. state of Florida.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesGovaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.Friedmann, F. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. ORSTOM éditions.de Lange, P.J., Gardner, R.O., Sykes, W.R., Crowcroft, G.M., Cameron, E.K., Stalker, F., Christian, M.L. & Braggins, J.E. (2005). Vascular flora of Norfolk Island: some additions and taxonomic notes. New Zealand Journal of Botany 43: 563-596.Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38. Breynia disticha presumably is pollinated by leafflower moths (Epicephala spp.) in its native range, like other species of plants in the genus Breynia.Kawakita, A.; Kato, M. 2004. Obligate pollination mutualism in Breynia (Phyllanthaceae): further documentation of pollination mutualism involving Epicephala moths (Gracillariidae). American Journal of Botany. 91: 1319–1325Zhang, J.; Wang, S.; Li, H.; Hu, B.; Yang, X.; Wang, Z. 2012. "Diffuse coevolution between two Epicephala species (Gracillariidae) and two Breynia species (Phyllanthaceae). PLOS ONE. 7: e41657. Leafflower moths have been reared from fruit of this species in New Caledonia.Kawakita, A.; Kato, M. 2009. "Repeated independent evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in the Phyllantheae-Epicephala association." Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 276: 417–426.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology1
Life cycle & reproduction5
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment12
Physiology & chemistry1
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Breynia disticha has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Breynia disticha carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 522×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-indian_vol1
2n 561×CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
n 262×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · Cave1962
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type811 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions34 of 57 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Paris, FR | 27 |
| Bronx, US | 27 |
| Université de Strasbourglocation not on record | 21 |
| Saint Louis, US | 12 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 10 |
| Honolulu, US | 8 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 8 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 7 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 5 |
| Miami, US | 5 |
| Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record | 4 |
| South Kensington, GB | 4 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 4 |
| Kew, GB | 3 |
| HAWlocation not on record | 3 |
| Chicago, US | 3 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 3 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 2 |
| Berlin, DE | 2 |
| Auckland, NZ | 2 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 2 |
| Brussels, BE | 2 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Denver, US | 1 |
| Orto botanico dell'Università degli Studi di Catanialocation not on record | 1 |
| Wlocation not on record | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Palmerston, AU | 1 |
| León, NI | 1 |
| Managua, NI | 1 |
| Philadelphia, US | 1 |
| CASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Monastir, TN | 1 |
| Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologielocation not on record | 1 |
| Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Kensington, AU | 1 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Durban, ZA | 1 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Canberra, AU | 1 |
| Gump Stationlocation not on record | 1 |
| Smithfield, AU | 1 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Madison, US | 1 |
| Vancouver, CA | 1 |
| Burlington, US | 1 |
| Brisbane, AU | 1 |
Where the DNA of Breynia disticha was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.