Betula
genusAt a glance
Sources7 archives
Databases and archives Betula's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility157 244 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI236 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Les bouleaux (Betula) forment un genre de plantes à fleurs de la famille des bétulacées. La plupart des espèces sont des arbres ; quelques-unes, comme Betula nana, sont des chaméphytes. Les bouleaux poussent en général sur les terres pauvres et souvent siliceuses, jusqu'à 2 000 m d'altitude, ainsi que dans les régions arctiques. Les bouleaux sont des plantes pionnières qui constituent souvent la première formation arborée lors de la reconquête ou de la colonisation de landes par la forêt. Ils apprécient les sols plutôt acides et humides. Les bouleaux forment des futaies appelées boulaies ou boulinières ou encore des bétulaies. Il existe quatre espèces de bouleaux en Europe, dont deux arbres largement répandus : Betula pendula, le bouleau verruqueux, et Betula pubescens, le bouleau pubescent, et deux arbrisseaux des régions arctiques : Betula nana, le bouleau nain, et Betula humilis. De nombreuses autres espèces se rencontrent en Asie et en Amérique du Nord. En climat tempéré, les bouleaux vivent peu de temps, mais plus au nord, ils peuvent vivre jusqu’à cent ans et plus. Cet arbre à feuilles caduques de la famille des Betulaceae fleurit d'avril à mai. Le bouleau est très connu pour son écorce blanche, lisse et brillante, ses petites feuilles colorées de teintes vert clair au printemps et jaune à l’automne. Sa couleur blanche est due à la bétuline (en), son principal constituant. Le branchage a un port souvent dressé et relativement aéré, filtrant la lumière en été sans la bloquer. Le bouleau est donc considéré comme un bel arbre d'ornement et ses caractéristiques lui permettent de s'adapter à tous les types de jardins. Ses inflorescences sont des chatons allongés de 10 cm de longueur, dressés puis pendants pour les mâles et de 3 cm dressés pour les femelles. Ses fruits sont des samares groupées en chatons. Cet arbre à l'écorce blanche écaillée peut atteindre 20 à 30 m de hauteur et jusqu'à 60 cm de diamètre à la base. Les racines des bouleaux sont peu profondes. On attribue à sa sève, ainsi qu'à son écorce, de nombreuses propriétés médicinales et autres.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
No structured trait data for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Betula across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds16 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-Hexanol | present | LOTUS | |
| 2,3-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 6-(2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-4-Oxochromen-3-Yl)Oxy-3,4,5-Trihydroxyoxane-2-Carboxylic Acid | present | LOTUS | |
| alpha-Catechin | present | LOTUS | |
| Avicularin | present | LOTUS | |
| beta-Ionone | present | LOTUS | |
| Catechin | present | LOTUS | |
| Guaijaverin | present | LOTUS | |
| Linalool | present | LOTUS | |
| Methyl salicylate | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Betula has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard periods (Jurassic, Cretaceous…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. The dashed rules marked ✦ are the five great mass extinctions. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Betula. Above itBeside it, the bars count how many dated finds fall in each slice of time; the tallest bar is labelled, and heights use a square-root scale so that thin slices stay visible next to rich ones. Read this as how well each stretch of time is preserved and studied — thick bars mean plenty of the right kind of rock and plenty of collectors, which is related to, but not the same as, how common it actually was.
How it livedPBDB
Record type157 506 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions99 of 168 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Görlitz, DE | 885 |
| Olocation not on record | 351 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 243 |
| LDlocation not on record | 236 |
| Helsinki, FI | 231 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 211 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 183 |
| Mlocation not on record | 150 |
| Tallinn, EE | 149 |
| Trondheim, NO | 125 |
| Tartu, EE | 84 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 78 |
| Garðabær, IS | 73 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 72 |
| Irkutsk State Universitylocation not on record | 70 |
| Uppsala, SE | 62 |
| Logan, US | 46 |
| 45 | |
| Beijing, CN | 43 |
| M-Lichenslocation not on record | 42 |
| Chengdu, CN | 40 |
| Seoul, KR | 37 |
| Berlin, DE | 36 |
| Shanghai, CN | 33 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 32 |
| Xining, CN | 25 |
| DOI/FWS, Kenai National Wildlife Refugelocation not on record | 24 |
| Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocagelocation not on record | 22 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 22 |
| Kuopio, FI | 21 |
| Vancouver, CA | 19 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 17 |
| Urumqi, CN | 17 |
| Chinese Academy of Forestrylocation not on record | 17 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 15 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 15 |
| Bronx, US | 15 |
| Missoula, US | 14 |
| PRClocation not on record | 12 |
| ifplocation not on record | 11 |
| Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld)location not on record | 11 |
| Wuhan, CN | 11 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 11 |
| Yunnan Universitylocation not on record | 10 |
| Brisbane, AU | 10 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 10 |
| Southwest Forestry Collegelocation not on record | 10 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 10 |
| Madison, US | 10 |
| Hobart, AU | 10 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 9 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 9 |
| New Haven, US | 9 |
| Siouxland Heritage Museumlocation not on record | 9 |
| Montréal, CA | 9 |
| Armidale, AU | 8 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 8 |
| Cincinnati, US | 8 |
| Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 7 |
| Saint Louis, US | 7 |
| Kew, GB | 7 |
| Moscow, US | 6 |
| WNNUlocation not on record | 6 |
| Changsha, CN | 6 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 6 |
| Philadelphia, US | 6 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 6 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Institute of the biological problems of the North FEB RASlocation not on record | 5 |
| Zhuzhou, CN | 5 |
| Allentown, US | 5 |
| Guilin, CN | 5 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 5 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 5 |
| Burlington, US | 4 |
| BClocation not on record | 4 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 4 |
| Portland, US | 4 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 4 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 4 |
| College Park, US | 4 |
| Wlocation not on record | 4 |
| FFPRIlocation not on record | 4 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 4 |
| Weber State Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Anchorage, US | 4 |
| Philadelphia, US | 4 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| València, ES | 3 |
| Vitoria, ES | 3 |
| Nanjing, CN | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| Obihiro Centennial City Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Bangkok, TH | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| Turku, FI | 3 |
| IFR-DNFlocation not on record | 3 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 3 |
| Auckland, NZ | 3 |
| Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinicalocation not on record | 3 |
| South Kensington, GB | 3 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 2 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Minia, EG | 2 |
| Durham, US | 2 |
| Corvallis, US | 2 |
| Portland, US | 2 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 2 |
| Toronto, CA | 2 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 2 |
| Dresden, DE | 2 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 2 |
| Yangling, CN | 2 |
| Zürich, CH | 2 |
| Research Collection of B. A. Bennettlocation not on record | 2 |
| Saint John, CA | 2 |
| Pullman, US | 2 |
| St. Paul, US | 2 |
| Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Vladivostoklocation not on record | 2 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 2 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 2 |
| Dekalb, US | 2 |
| Kunming, CN | 2 |
| Chongqing Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Bourges, FR | 1 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 1 |
| Nanjing, CN | 1 |
| IWEP FEB RASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Staten Island, US | 1 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 1 |
| Shanghai, CN | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Xian, CN | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Researchlocation not on record | 1 |
| Urumqi, CN | 1 |
| Bergen, NO | 1 |
| Bend, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Asheville, US | 1 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 1 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Chengdu, CN | 1 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 1 |
| Rovaniemi, FI | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Nanjing, CN | 1 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| DPIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Oulu, FI | 1 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| J. Rusek Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Betula was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.