Berberis thunbergii
DC. · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Berberis thunbergii's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation11 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility68 023 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI23 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics44 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotypeEvery layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Berberis thunbergii, the Japanese barberry, Thunberg's barberry, or red barberry, is a species of flowering plant in the barberry family Berberidaceae, native to Japan and eastern Asia, though widely naturalized in China and North America, where it has become a problematic invasive in many places, leading to declines in species diversity, increased tick habitat, and soil changes. Growing to 1 m tall by 2.5 m broad, it is a small deciduous shrub with green leaves turning red in the autumn, brilliant red fruits in autumn and pale yellow flowers in spring.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology13
Life cycle & reproduction29
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment27
Physiology & chemistry23
Uses & economy15
Other traits7
Compounds documented for Berberis thunbergii across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds36 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Berbamine | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Glaucine | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Magnoflorine | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2S,4aS,6R,8aR)-6-bromo-1-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-3-methylpent-4-enyl]-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ol | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,14R)-20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.29,12.13,7.114,18.027,31.022,33]hexatriaconta-3(36),4,6,9(35),10,12(34),18,20,22(33),24,26,31-dodecaen-6-ol | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,14S)-20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.29,12.13,7.114,18.027,31.022,33]hexatriaconta-3(36),4,6,9(35),10,12(34),18,20,22(33),24,26,31-dodecaen-6-ol | present | NPASS | |
| (2R,4S,4aR)-1,4,4a,7-tetramethyl-2,3,4,5,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[7]annulen-2-ol | present | NPASS | |
| (2S,4S,4aR)-1,4,4a,7-tetramethyl-2,3,4,5,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[7]annulen-2-ol | present | NPASS | |
| (3aR,4R,5S,7aS)-1-(2-hydroperoxypropan-2-yl)-4-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-3-methylpent-4-enyl]-3a,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-inden-4-ol | present | NPASS | |
| (3As,6R,6Ar,9R,9As,9Bs)-6,9-Dihydroxy-6,9-Dimethyl-3-Methylenedecahydroazuleno(4,5-B)Furan-2(9Bh)-One | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Berberis thunbergii has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Berberis thunbergii carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 286×CCDB · nw-europe-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +1
2n 561×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type68 023 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions142 of 239 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Olocation not on record | 196 |
| Odawara, JP | 186 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 164 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 163 |
| Philadelphia, US | 133 |
| Madison, US | 112 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 111 |
| Shinshu Universitylocation not on record | 81 |
| Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP | 73 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 72 |
| Allentown, US | 65 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 60 |
| Chiba, JP | 60 |
| Nagano City, JP | 54 |
| Kochi, JP | 48 |
| Bando, JP | 39 |
| College Park, US | 39 |
| Sanda, JP | 34 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 33 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 33 |
| New Brunswick, US | 32 |
| KURAlocation not on record | 31 |
| Tomioka, JP | 30 |
| Sendai, JP | 30 |
| Saint Louis, US | 29 |
| St. Paul, US | 29 |
| Green Bay, US | 27 |
| Millersville, US | 26 |
| Toyama, JP | 25 |
| LDlocation not on record | 25 |
| Bloomington, US | 22 |
| Philadelphia, US | 22 |
| New Haven, US | 22 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 20 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 19 |
| Bronx, US | 19 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 17 |
| Tokushima, JP | 16 |
| Sagamihara, JP | 16 |
| Toronto, CA | 16 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 16 |
| Hudson, US | 15 |
| Salzburg, AT | 15 |
| Dekalb, US | 14 |
| Helsinki, FI | 14 |
| JP | 14 |
| Burlington, US | 13 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 13 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 13 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 12 |
| Trondheim, NO | 11 |
| Stockholm, SE | 11 |
| Görlitz, DE | 11 |
| Vancouver, CA | 10 |
| Morgantown, US | 10 |
| Saint John, CA | 10 |
| Bergen, NO | 10 |
| Paris, FR | 10 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 9 |
| Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukubalocation not on record | 8 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 8 |
| Williamsburg, US | 8 |
| SIHUlocation not on record | 7 |
| FFPRIlocation not on record | 7 |
| Toyota city nature sanctuarylocation not on record | 7 |
| Omachi Alpine Museumlocation not on record | 7 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 7 |
| Moscow, US | 6 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 6 |
| Lincoln, US | 6 |
| Johnson City, US | 6 |
| Fairfax, US | 6 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 6 |
| Tampa, US | 6 |
| Auckland, NZ | 6 |
| University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 6 |
| Dover, US | 6 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 6 |
| Harrisonburg, US | 5 |
| Riverside, US | 5 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 5 |
| Chicago, US | 5 |
| Nishihara, JP | 5 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 5 |
| Montréal, CA | 5 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 5 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 5 |
| Forestry and Forest Products Research Institutelocation not on record | 5 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 5 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 5 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 5 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 5 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 5 |
| Iwate Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Pullman, US | 5 |
| Denver, US | 4 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 4 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 4 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 4 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| South Kensington, GB | 4 |
| Armidale, AU | 4 |
| Smithsonian Institutionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 4 |
| Durham, US | 4 |
| Tampere, FI | 3 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 3 |
| KOMlocation not on record | 3 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 3 |
| Caldwell, US | 3 |
| nbflocation not on record | 3 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 3 |
| Canberra, AU | 3 |
| Zhengzhou, CN | 3 |
| Tempe, US | 3 |
| Cincinnati, US | 3 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Xian, CN | 3 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 3 |
| Claremont, US | 3 |
| Mexico City, MX | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| XAJDlocation not on record | 3 |
| Whitewater, US | 3 |
| SXTCMlocation not on record | 3 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 3 |
| Oswego, US | 2 |
| Clemson, US | 2 |
| Uppsala, SE | 2 |
| Parthenon Tama History Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Vitoria, ES | 2 |
| Gifu prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Jiangxi Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 2 |
| Kawasaki Shi Tama Ku, JP | 2 |
| Kushiro City Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 2 |
| Macomb, US | 2 |
| GAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Columbia, US | 2 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Siouxland Heritage Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| PRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Taiyuan Normal Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Staten Island, US | 2 |
| Mlocation not on record | 2 |
| Nishihara, JP | 2 |
| Oulu, FI | 2 |
| US | 2 |
| Emporia, US | 2 |
| Québec, CA | 2 |
| KIRMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Baltimore, US | 2 |
| Wlocation not on record | 2 |
| Norfolk, US | 2 |
| Tartu, EE | 2 |
| J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Fort Worth, US | 2 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 2 |
| Boise, US | 2 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 2 |
| University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 1 |
| Portland, US | 1 |
| Osaka, JP | 1 |
| Missoula, US | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Hokkaido University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Decorah, US | 1 |
| Kiritappu Wetland National Trustlocation not on record | 1 |
| H-Hohlalocation not on record | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| Pittsburg, US | 1 |
| Bern, CH | 1 |
| Little Rock, US | 1 |
| sonstHerblocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 1 |
| Tallinn, EE | 1 |
| Knoxville, US | 1 |
| Wuhan, CN | 1 |
| Changsha, CN | 1 |
| Guiyang, CN | 1 |
| nlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of British Columbia, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Guizhou Forestry Schoollocation not on record | 1 |
| Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicinelocation not on record | 1 |
| Nanjing, CN | 1 |
| EMTCMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Meguro Parasitological Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tilburg, NL | 1 |
| Waverly, US | 1 |
| Utah Tech Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Beijing Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Kunming, CN | 1 |
| Sapporo, JP | 1 |
| Henry Brockhouse Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 1 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 1 |
| Shanxi Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Otaru, JP | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| Fayetteville, US | 1 |
| Springfield, US | 1 |
| UoB-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Traillocation not on record | 1 |
| Ishikawa Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Mississippi State, US | 1 |
| Adelaide, AU | 1 |
| Victoria, CA | 1 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Zhuzhou, CN | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| DULlocation not on record | 1 |
| Provo, US | 1 |
| Chadron, US | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Edmonton, CA | 1 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 1 |
| Durban, ZA | 1 |
| Angwin, US | 1 |
| Ypsilanti, US | 1 |
| Charleston Southern Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 1 |
| Winterthur, CH | 1 |
| Oiso Municipal Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| GB | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Berberis thunbergii was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.