Ballota nigra
speciesAt a glance
Sources15 archives
Databases and archives Ballota nigra's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation13 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility123 541 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI19 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics38 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Ballota nigra, black horehound, is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and to central Asia and it can be found throughout Europe. It is also naturalized in Argentina, New Zealand, and the Eastern United States.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesAltervista Flora Italiana, Marrubio selvatico, Ballota nigra L. includes distribution maps for Italy, Europe, and North AmericaWebb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2010). Flora Iberica 12: 1-650. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166 It blooms in the Northern Hemisphere from May to August.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology15
Life cycle & reproduction15
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment12
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits3
Compounds documented for Ballota nigra across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds70 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAFFEIC-ACID | 2,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| EO | 300 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| GERMACRENE-D | 127 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| CARYOPHYLLENE | 35 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| COPAENE | 19 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| DELTA-CADINENE | 10 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ALPHA-HUMULENE | 8 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| 1-OCTEN-3-OL | 4 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| SABINENE | 4 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 3 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Ballota nigra has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Ballota nigra carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2231×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · brit-fl +10
2n 2024×CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · poland · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl +2
2n 182×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 115×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type123 541 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions66 of 125 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 1 756 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 196 |
| LDlocation not on record | 189 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 188 |
| Berlin, DE | 115 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 76 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 71 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 50 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 42 |
| Bern, CH | 38 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 37 |
| Zürich, CH | 35 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 33 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 31 |
| MAlocation not on record | 30 |
| South Kensington, GB | 29 |
| Salzburg, AT | 29 |
| Zürich, CH | 28 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 27 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 24 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 23 |
| Barcelona, ES | 22 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 20 |
| Wlocation not on record | 18 |
| València, ES | 18 |
| BClocation not on record | 17 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 16 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 14 |
| Görlitz, DE | 13 |
| Granada, ES | 11 |
| Pamplona, ES | 10 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 10 |
| Salamanca, ES | 10 |
| Uppsala, SE | 10 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 9 |
| Dresden, DE | 9 |
| New Haven, US | 9 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 8 |
| Fulda, DE | 8 |
| Madrid, ES | 7 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 7 |
| Mlocation not on record | 7 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 6 |
| No collectionlocation not on record | 6 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 6 |
| Olocation not on record | 6 |
| Sevilla, ES | 5 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 5 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 5 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 5 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 4 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 4 |
| Jaén, ES | 4 |
| Tilburg, NL | 4 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 4 |
| IDElocation not on record | 4 |
| Tartu, EE | 3 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Pamplona, ES | 3 |
| Göteborg, SE | 3 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 3 |
| Tallinn, EE | 3 |
| Madison, US | 3 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 3 |
| Finnish Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 3 |
| Wellington, NZ | 3 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 3 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 2 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 2 |
| Castelar, AR | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 2 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Kuopio, FI | 2 |
| Sion, CH | 2 |
| Turku, FI | 2 |
| Canberra, AU | 2 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 2 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 2 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| H-Dueringlocation not on record | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Emporia, US | 1 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Philadelphia, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 1 |
| Brussel, BE | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Honolulu, US | 1 |
| Helsinki, FI | 1 |
| Monastir, TN | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Denver, US | 1 |
| ESP109location not on record | 1 |
| BGBMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Porvoo, FI | 1 |
| ZRC-SAZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| Dhaka, BD | 1 |
| Oswego, US | 1 |
| Salvador, BR | 1 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 1 |
| CJBNlocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 1 |
| National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinarian Research, Portugallocation not on record | 1 |
| Bergen, NO | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| Badajoz, ES | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Ballota nigra was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.