Avicennia marina, commonly known as grey mangrove or white mangrove, is a species of mangrove tree classified in the plant family Acanthaceae (formerly in the Verbenaceae or Avicenniaceae). As with other mangroves, it occurs in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: tree · AusTraits: shrub tree · TRY: shrub/tree
Habitat GIFTCoastal
Habitat brackishyes
Habitat saltwateryes
Habitat zonesessile
Leaf compoundnesssimple
Leaf shapelanceolate ovate
Woodinesswoody
Physiology & chemistry6
Leaf n21.05 mg/g
Leaf p0.76 mg/g
Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Specific leaf area (SLA)7.08 mm²/mg
Wood density625 mg/cm³
03Chemical composition57 compounds
Compounds documented for Avicennia marina across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
💊 Medicinal use documented
Compound class profile5 classes
Naphthoquinones15
Iridoids monoterpenoids15
Cinnamic acids and derivatives $ Phenylethanoids4
Flavones4
Arylnaphthalene and aryltetralin lignans3
Documented compounds57 total
Compound
Class
Amount
Source
BETULINIC-ACID
3,000 ppm
DukesPhytochem
05DNA & barcoding125 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Avicennia marina has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens125
Marker genes11
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections459
Countries7
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manualAvicennia marina carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size505 965 306 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Avicennia marina0.51 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Assembly levelChromosome
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type45 362 records
Wild obs. + sensor43 228
Museum / vouchered1 912
Cultivated / captive12
Other210
Origin
Native88
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO28 564 km²
Depth
0–200 m sunlit18 214
200–1000 m twilight0
1–4 km midnight0
>4 km abyssal9
median 0 m · max 4 850 m · 18 223 records with depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy99% within 1 km
≤100 m 3 430≤1 km 36 853≤10 km 313>10 km 125
40 721 georeferenced · 2 507 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor43 228
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy41% within 1 km
≤100 m 66≤1 km 14≤10 km 106>10 km 10
196 georeferenced · 1 716 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 912
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 6>10 km 3
9 georeferenced · 3 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living12
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions48 of 83 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Taipei, TW
154
Kensington, AU
96
Pretoria, ZA
55
Saint Louis, US
51
Plocation not on record
43
Brisbane, AU
39
Kew, GB
39
Pondicherry, IN
37
Adelaide, AU
29
Kunming, CN
25
Taipei, TW
25
Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record
18
Nishihara, JP
16
National Museum of Natural Sciencelocation not on record
15
TAIElocation not on record
15
Guangzhou, CN
15
Beijing, CN
14
Tsukuba, JP
12
Paris, FR
11
Durban, ZA
10
Auckland, NZ
8
UNTNRlocation not on record
7
MeiseBGlocation not on record
7
Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record
7
Guilin, CN
7
Taipei, TW
6
TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record
6
Wlocation not on record
6
Honolulu, US
6
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
5
Mount Annan, AU
5
Canberra, AU
5
Xiamen, CN
5
Centre National d'Application des Recherches Pharmaceutiques (CNARP)location not on record
5
Bronx, US
5
FJFClocation not on record
4
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record
4
Palmerston, AU
4
Stockholm, SE
4
Berlin, DE
4
Birla Institute of Technology - Pilani, K.K.Birla Goa Campuslocation not on record
3
Guangzhou, CN
3
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record
3
Sendai, JP
3
CASlocation not on record
3
Wollongong, AU
3
Sharjah Seed Bank & Herbariumlocation not on record
3
Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record
3
Edinburgh, GB
3
Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarinlocation not on record
3
Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record
2
Durham, US
2
Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rurallocation not on record
2
Dehra Dun, IN
2
Armidale, AU
2
EL PASO, US
2
Seychelles National Herbariumlocation not on record
2
Glocation not on record
2
Hobart, AU
2
CJBGlocation not on record
2
Claremont, US
2
University of Johannesburglocation not on record
2
Sokoine University of Agriculturelocation not on record
1
Miami, US
1
Frankfurt am Main
1
Baroda, IN
1
Australian Institute of Marine Sciencelocation not on record
1
Arusha, TZ
1
University of Hargeisalocation not on record
1
Zürich, CH
1
GJOlocation not on record
1
Davis, US
1
Trondheim, NO
1
Beijing Natural History Museumlocation not on record
1
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
1
Annamalai University, Faculty of Marine Scienceslocation not on record
1
South African National Biodiversity Institutelocation not on record
1
Nanjing, CN
1
Christchurch, NZ
1
W, Ilocation not on record
1
Phoenix, US
1
中国林业科学研究院热带林业科学研究所植物标本室location not on record
1
Fort Worth, US
1
83 institutions · 904 of 1 912 vouchered records shown · 693 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA459 detections
Where the DNA of Avicennia marina was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found459
Studies independent surveys4
Countries7
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 459 detections have coordinates
Open the map7 countries0
Spartina sp.CoastalCostal
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Measured at samplingin-field
Temperature21.5 °C 8.42–30.5
pH6.97 4.60–9.50
Conductivity143 µS/cm 10.0–88,600
Salinity34.8 PSU 10.5–36.7
Dissolved oxygen8.87 mg/L 7.02–11.1
Turbidity0.662 NTU 0.006–4.37
Organic carbon1.06 % 0.06–5.50
Water content12.0 % 0.816–46.0
Nitrate-N7.00 mg/kg 1.00–151
Nitrate0.508 µmol/L 0.091–19.0
Phosphorus28.0 mg/kg 2.00–230
Clay21.2 % 0.94–60.8
Sand64.3 % 17.4–98.1
Depth0.2 m 0–5,460
Coastal waterSoilSedimentPelagicChromosolsSodosolDermosolLatLon out of rangeTenosolsRudosol
366 samples with on-site data · median with range · describes the sample, not the organism
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median18.2 °C 13.0–23.9
Seasonal swing summer↔winter9.30 °C
Max temp (day)20.7 °C 15.4–28.0
Min temp (night)15.2 °C 10.0–20.4
Precipitation89.8 mm/mo 29.4–126
Air humidity58.3 % 53.2–62.0
Moisture balance-21.9 mm/mo
Vapour deficit822 Pa 643–1,353
Wind speed2.70 m/s
Cloud cover24.9 % 16.2–30.8
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 395 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation13 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility26 670 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System18 692 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI459 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics125 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗