Averrhoa carambola
speciesAt a glance
Sources17 archives
Databases and archives Averrhoa carambola's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility3 795 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI21 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics25 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
FooDBThe Metabolomics Innovation Centrecompounds↗
foodatlascompounds
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Averrhoa carambola is a species of tree in the family Oxalidaceae native to tropical Southeast Asia; it has a number of common names, including carambola, star fruit and five-corner. It is a small tree or shrub that grows 5 to tall, with rose to red-purple flowers. The flowers are small and bell-shaped, with five petals that have whitish edges. The flowers are often produced year round under tropical conditions. The tree is cultivated in tropical and semitropical regions for its edible fruits.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology11
Life cycle & reproduction8
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment10
Physiology & chemistry5
Compounds documented for Averrhoa carambola across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds5 754 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CARBOHYDRATES | 936,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| WATER | 923,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| FIBER | 130,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| OXALIC-ACID | 95,800 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PROTEIN | 73,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ASH | 52,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| FAT | 52,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| TARTARIC-ACID | 43,700 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| POTASSIUM | 23,500 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ALPHA-KETO-GLUTARIC-ACID | 22,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Averrhoa carambola has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Averrhoa carambola carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 242×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
2n 221×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
n 122×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
n 111×CCDB · Cave1958
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type3 795 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions80 of 199 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 60 |
| Bronx, US | 48 |
| Beijing, CN | 45 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 43 |
| Baroda, IN | 35 |
| Guilin, CN | 33 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 24 |
| Salvador, BR | 20 |
| Kunming, CN | 20 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 17 |
| Nanjing, CN | 15 |
| Miami, US | 13 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 12 |
| Taipei, TW | 11 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 11 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 11 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 10 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 9 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 9 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 9 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 8 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 7 |
| Honolulu, US | 7 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 7 |
| 云南省思茅市民族传统医药研究所location not on record | 6 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 6 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 6 |
| Mexico City, MX | 5 |
| Berlin, DE | 5 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 5 |
| FJIDClocation not on record | 5 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 4 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 4 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 4 |
| Corporación Autónoma Regional Para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB)location not on record | 4 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 4 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 4 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Philadelphia, US | 4 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 4 |
| Blumenau, BR | 4 |
| Kew, GB | 4 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 4 |
| Durango, MX | 4 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 4 |
| UEMAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 4 |
| San José, CR | 4 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 3 |
| Maringá, BR | 3 |
| Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record | 3 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record | 3 |
| Smithfield, AU | 3 |
| Seoul, KR | 3 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 3 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 3 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 3 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 3 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 3 |
| Université du Lomélocation not on record | 3 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 3 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 3 |
| Tampa, US | 3 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 3 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 3 |
| Uberlândia, BR | 3 |
| Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologielocation not on record | 3 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 3 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 2 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFPIlocation not on record | 2 |
| Durban, ZA | 2 |
| Masindi, UG | 2 |
| IAPlocation not on record | 2 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 2 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 2 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 2 |
| EL PASO, US | 2 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 2 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 2 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 2 |
| LDlocation not on record | 2 |
| Wuhan, CN | 2 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 2 |
| James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record | 2 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 2 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 2 |
| León, NI | 2 |
| Brussels, BE | 2 |
| Lima, PE | 2 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 2 |
| Hangzhou, CN | 2 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 2 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 2 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 2 |
| UFRRJlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chengdu, CN | 2 |
| Coimbra, PT | 2 |
| Auckland, NZ | 2 |
| SCAUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Criciúma, BR | 1 |
| Palmerston, AU | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó (UTCH)location not on record | 1 |
| Station d'Ecologie de Lamtolocation not on record | 1 |
| Iquitos, PE | 1 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 1 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 1 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 1 |
| Beijing Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| INMAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Yunnan Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| IECOSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cascavel, BR | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| Brasília, BR | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Católica de Oriente (UCO)location not on record | 1 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chilelocation not on record | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 1 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| Guangxi Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Mérida, MX | 1 |
| Kagoshima, JP | 1 |
| Fort Worth, US | 1 |
| South China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Guiyang, CN | 1 |
| Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record | 1 |
| Burlington, US | 1 |
| Cochabamba, BO | 1 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 1 |
| Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 1 |
| *unvoucheredlocation not on record | 1 |
| Lake Charles, US | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de la Amazonia (UniAmazonia)location not on record | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| LBVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Kensington, AU | 1 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 1 |
| Riobamba, EC | 1 |
| Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record | 1 |
| Jinghong, CN | 1 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 1 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 1 |
| UTFPR-DVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 1 |
| HUENFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbario MAT de la Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchilocation not on record | 1 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Brisbane, AU | 1 |
| Cuiabá, BR | 1 |
| Museo de Historia Natural de El Salvadorlocation not on record | 1 |
| Seropédica, BR | 1 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 1 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 1 |
| HUT Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 1 |
| National Herbarium of São Tomé and Principelocation not on record | 1 |
| UNISANTAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 1 |
| UFVJMlocation not on record | 1 |
| The University and Jepson Herbarialocation not on record | 1 |
| Gump Stationlocation not on record | 1 |
| Department of Botany Herbarium Ahmadu Bello University, Zarialocation not on record | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Averrhoa carambola was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.