Aspidistra elatior
Blume · speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Aspidistra elatior's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation10 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility499 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI8 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics10 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotypeEvery layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
A pair of potted aspidistra elatiors Flower Aspidistra elatior, the cast-iron-plant or bar-room plant, also known in Japanese as haran or baran (葉蘭) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Japan and Taiwan. Tolerant of neglect, it is widely cultivated as a houseplant, but can also be grown outside in shade where temperatures remain above -5 C. It is used as training material for the seika form of ikebana.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology5
Life cycle & reproduction2
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment6
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Aspidistra elatior across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile3 classes
Documented compounds11 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12R,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,14S,15S,16S,17S,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-18-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-14,15,16,17-tetrol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,14R,16S,17S,18R)-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3S)-3-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-18-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-14,16,17-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,14S,15S,16S,17S,18R)-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3S)-3-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-18-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-14,15,16,17-tetrol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,14S,15S,16S,17S,18R)-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidenespiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-14,15,16,17,18-pentol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12R,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Aspidistra elatior has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Aspidistra elatior carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 3610×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 · CCDB · eflora +1
2n 382×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
2n 321×CCDB · book-fedorov
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type499 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions42 of 66 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Odawara, JP | 43 |
| Kochi, JP | 24 |
| Beijing, CN | 10 |
| FJIDClocation not on record | 10 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 6 |
| Auckland, NZ | 6 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 5 |
| Seoul, KR | 5 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 4 |
| Southwest Forestry Collegelocation not on record | 4 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 4 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 4 |
| Sendai, JP | 3 |
| Fort Worth, US | 3 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 3 |
| Nanjing, CN | 3 |
| Sagamihara, JP | 3 |
| Chengdu, CN | 3 |
| KURAlocation not on record | 3 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Jaén, ES | 2 |
| Barcelona, ES | 2 |
| Yangling, CN | 2 |
| J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Chengdu, CN | 2 |
| Bando, JP | 2 |
| Chiba, JP | 2 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| Sanda, JP | 2 |
| US | 2 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 2 |
| Kew, GB | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| Xian, CN | 1 |
| Saint Louis, US | 1 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 1 |
| Riverside, US | 1 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 1 |
| Kagoshima, JP | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Nagano City, JP | 1 |
| Guiyang, CN | 1 |
| GAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Long Beach, US | 1 |
| Zhuzhou, CN | 1 |
| Bern, CH | 1 |
| Parthenon Tama History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| BClocation not on record | 1 |
| Guizhou Forestry Schoollocation not on record | 1 |
| 黔东南州民族医药研究所标本室location not on record | 1 |
| Ischia Marine Centrelocation not on record | 1 |
| Chengdu, CN | 1 |
| Irvine, US | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Tokushima, JP | 1 |
| Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 1 |
| Alicante, ES | 1 |
| Kunming, CN | 1 |
| Brisbane, AU | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Aspidistra elatior was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.