Aspergillus flavus
Link · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Aspergillus flavus's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation16 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility766 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System19 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI1 922 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics333 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Aspergillus oryzae, also known as , is a filamentous fungus (a mold) used in East Asia to saccharify rice, sweet potato, and barley in the making of alcoholic beverages such as sake and shōchū, and also to ferment soybeans for making soy sauce and miso. However, in the production of fermented foods of soybeans such as soy sauce and miso, Aspergillus sojae is mainly used instead of A. oryzae.しょうゆづくりの歩みと麹菌の関わり Kenichiro Matsushima麹菌ゲノム解読 Kikkoman Corporation A. oryzae is also used for the production of rice vinegars. Barley kōji (麦麹) or rice kōji (米麹) are made by fermenting the grains with A. oryzae hyphae.Parmjit S. Panesar, Biotechnology in Agriculture and Food Processing: Opportunities and Challenges CRC Press (2014) Eiji Ichishima of Tohoku University called the kōji fungus a "national fungus" (kokkin) in the journal of the Brewing Society of Japan, because of its importance not only for making the kōji for sake brewing, but also for making the kōji for miso, soy sauce, and a range of other traditional Japanese foods. His proposal was approved at the society's annual meeting in 2006.Fujita, Chieko, Tokyo Foundation Koji, an Aspergillus The Japanese word kōji (麹) is used in several meanings, and in some cases it specifically refers to A. oryzae, while in other cases it refers to all molds used in fermented foods, including Monascus purpureus and other molds, so care should be taken to avoid confusion.麹のこと Marukome co.,ltd.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
No structured trait data for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Aspergillus flavus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds269 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (-)-Averantin | present | LOTUS | |
| (11S,14S)-Cyclo-(L-Trp-L-Phe) | present | LOTUS | |
| (12R,16S)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-3,11,13-trioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.02,7.012,16]hexadeca-1,5,7,9,14-pentaen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,17S)-3,7,9-trihydroxy-17-methyl-16,21-dioxapentacyclo[15.3.1.02,15.04,13.06,11]henicosa-2(15),3,6(11),7,9,13-hexaene-5,12-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,4R,7R,9S)-4-benzyl-9-[(1S,4S,7S,9S)-4-benzyl-5-methyl-3,6-dioxo-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,7.010,15]hexadeca-10,12,14-trien-9-yl]-5-methyl-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,7.010,15]hexadeca-10,12,14-triene-3,6-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,12S,15R,16S,17S,20S)-16-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enyl)-1,16,20-trimethyl-3-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,10.04,9.015,20]icosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-17-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2S,5S,7R,9S,10R,13S)-15-hydroxy-2,9-dimethyl-7-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-6-oxa-22-azahexacyclo[11.10.0.02,10.05,9.015,22.016,21]tricosa-16,18,20-trien-23-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,4R,4aS,5R,7R,7aS,8R,11aR)-8-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4,4a,7-trimethyl-9-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,8,11-decahydrobenzo[d]naphthalene-1,5-diol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,6R,7R,10S)-aspergilloid D | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,6S,7R)-aspergilloid C | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Aspergillus flavus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
Besides the big genome in the nucleus, cells carry a small, circular loop of DNA inside the cell's energy factories — the mitochondria. It is inherited almost only from the mother and is a leftover from ancient bacteria that moved into the cell. The mitochondrial markers above (ND*, COX, CYTB…) are read from exactly this loop. Outer ring = one strand, inner ring = the other.
The complete instruction manual Aspergillus flavus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type785 records
Range
Depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions11 of 35 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| University of Athens, Hellenic Collection of Pathogenic Fungilocation not on record | 26 |
| University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 23 |
| Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Researchlocation not on record | 18 |
| Bronx, US | 17 |
| DPIlocation not on record | 14 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 11 |
| Philadelphia, US | 9 |
| Sydney Medical Schoollocation not on record | 8 |
| Chicago, US | 6 |
| PHlocation not on record | 5 |
| Madison, US | 5 |
| Catholic University of Pekinglocation not on record | 4 |
| Lincoln, US | 4 |
| ARMS-MBONlocation not on record | 4 |
| FLASlocation not on record | 3 |
| ILLSlocation not on record | 3 |
| Grupo Actinomicetales Merida Facultad de Medicinalocation not on record | 3 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 3 |
| Pullman, US | 2 |
| Brown Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Clemson, US | 2 |
| Annamalai University, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biologylocation not on record | 2 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 1 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 1 |
| Institut Pasteur de Lillelocation not on record | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| Champaign, US | 1 |
| Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centrelocation not on record | 1 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 1 |
| Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centrelocation not on record | 1 |
| Durango, MX | 1 |
| Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brusselslocation not on record | 1 |
| TENN-Flocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Aspergillus flavus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Measured at samplingin-field
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.