Arum italicum
Mill. · speciesAt a glance
Sources15 archives
Databases and archives Arum italicum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility132 129 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI22 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics29 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Arum italicum is a species of flowering herbaceous perennial plant in the family Araceae, also known as Italian arum and Italian lords-and-ladies.MBG- hort. . accessed 11.1.2011 It is native to the Mediterranean region (southern Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East). It is also naturalized in Great Britain, the Netherlands, Crimea, Caucasus, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Argentina and in scattered locations in the United States.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesAltervista Flora Italiana, Pan di serpe, Large Cuckoo Pint, Italian Lords And Ladies, gouet d' Italie, flor de la primavera, jarro-dos-campos, Arum italicum MillerGovaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2008). Flora Iberica 18: 1-420. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology17
Life cycle & reproduction16
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment12
Physiology & chemistry2
Other traits2
Compounds documented for Arum italicum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds54 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-lariciresinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-5-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2S)-1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-5-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2S)-1-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-[(E)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl]phenoxy]-1,3-propanediol | present | LOTUS | |
| (22E,24R)-ergosta-5alpha,6alpha-epoxide-8,22-diene-3beta,7alpha-diol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S)-2,3-Dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-((1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propen-1-yl)-7-methoxy-3-benzofuranmethanol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S)-2,3-Dihydro-7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-[(1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propen-1-yl]-3-benzofuranmethanol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-((2S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-((E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Arum italicum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Arum italicum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 8456×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · brit-fl +6
2n 2811×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 +1
2n 646×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · book-fedorov · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants +1
2n 705×CCDB · nw-europe-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 +1
2n 833×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · brit-fl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 562×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-fedorov
2n 852×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type132 129 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions74 of 126 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| MAlocation not on record | 60 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 56 |
| Vitoria, ES | 49 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 44 |
| València, ES | 36 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 28 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 28 |
| Berlin, DE | 24 |
| Auckland, NZ | 24 |
| Jaén, ES | 23 |
| Barcelona, ES | 22 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 21 |
| Adelaide, AU | 19 |
| BClocation not on record | 17 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 17 |
| Bern, CH | 16 |
| Zürich, CH | 15 |
| LDlocation not on record | 15 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 13 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 13 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 12 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 12 |
| Chicago, US | 12 |
| Saint Louis, US | 12 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 11 |
| Hobart, AU | 11 |
| Wlocation not on record | 11 |
| Badajoz, ES | 11 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 10 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 10 |
| Granada, ES | 10 |
| Corvallis, US | 10 |
| Paris, FR | 9 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 8 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 8 |
| Pamplona, ES | 8 |
| Alicante, ES | 7 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 7 |
| Henderson State Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 6 |
| Wellington, NZ | 6 |
| South Kensington, GB | 6 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 5 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 5 |
| Pamplona, ES | 5 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 5 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 5 |
| CASlocation not on record | 5 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 5 |
| SNSNMClocation not on record | 4 |
| Dresden, DE | 4 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Salamanca, ES | 4 |
| Bronx, US | 4 |
| Davis, US | 3 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 3 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 3 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 3 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 3 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 3 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| Görlitz, DE | 3 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 3 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 3 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 3 |
| Vancouver, CA | 3 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 3 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 3 |
| Bourges, FR | 3 |
| Little Rock, US | 3 |
| Riverside, US | 3 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 2 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Logan, US | 2 |
| Portland, US | 2 |
| Córdoba, ES | 2 |
| Boumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 2 |
| Banyoles, ES | 2 |
| Sevilla, ES | 2 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 2 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 2 |
| Brussel, BE | 2 |
| Minia, EG | 2 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| Fort Worth, US | 1 |
| H-Meierottlocation not on record | 1 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Williamsburg, US | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record | 1 |
| Kensington, AU | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| Kew, GB | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ypsilanti, US | 1 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 1 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 1 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Monastir, TN | 1 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Millersville, US | 1 |
| Firenze, IT | 1 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| Buenos Aires, AR | 1 |
| Irvine, US | 1 |
| Salzburg, AT | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| Laboratory of Palaeontologylocation not on record | 1 |
| New Haven, US | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| GAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| Canberra, AU | 1 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 1 |
| Córdoba, AR | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Arum italicum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.