Arnica montana
speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Arnica montana's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility138 849 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI47 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics30 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
L’Arnica des montagnes, ou Arnica montana, est une espèce de plantes herbacées vivace rhizomateuse du genre Arnica et de la famille des Asteraceae. Cette plante européenne principalement montagnarde est typique des sols acides et pauvres en éléments nutritifs. Ses populations, fortement malmenées par l'agriculture intensive, deviennent de plus en plus rares. Cette situation lui vaut d'ailleurs d'être nommée dans de nombreux textes de loi la protégeant et particulièrement dans la Directive habitats européenne. En médecine traditionnelle, l'arnica des montagnes est décrite dans des pharmacopées européennes pour son usage dans le traitement de petits traumatismes comme les hématomes mais cet usage n'est pas soutenu par des études scientifiques. Les études sur les préparations homéopathiques n'ont pas montré d'efficacité supérieure à un placebo. Afin de fournir les laboratoires pharmaceutiques, dont la demande européenne annuelle est estimée à 50 tonnes de capitules secs, l'arnica est cueillie à l'état sauvage. Cependant, la demande croissante en produits phytothérapeutiques et homéopathiques et sa rareté semblent inconciliables. En effet, devant la raréfaction des stations sauvages causée par les pratiques agricoles modernes, la cueillette tend à se concentrer sur quelques sites et à les surexploiter. De plus, sa culture reste à l'heure actuelle aléatoire tant ses exigences sont nombreuses. Néanmoins, des alternatives se mettent en place : la recherche sur sa culture avance, l'Allemagne et la communauté européenne ont ouvert leur pharmacopée pour accueillir une plante thérapeutiquement équivalente tandis que d'autres mettent en place des conventions entre les différentes parties en jeu afin de concilier économie et écologie.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology10
Life cycle & reproduction14
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment9
Physiology & chemistry8
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Arnica montana across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds152 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Pinoresinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Valine | present | LOTUS | |
| (1,5,8a-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,2R,8S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,2S,8S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2R,8S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2S,8S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,3aR,5R,5aS,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-hydroxy-1,5,8a-trimethyl-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,9,9a-octahydro-1H-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,3aR,5S,5aS,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-hydroxy-1,5,8a-trimethyl-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (2-{4-Methyl-2-[(2-methylpropanoyl)oxy]phenyl}oxiran-2-yl)methyl 2-methylbutanoate | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Arnica montana has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Arnica montana carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 3829×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · fl-europaea +7
2n 182×CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · book-ipcn72
n 192×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 01×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Record type138 849 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions47 of 104 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Olocation not on record | 728 |
| Salzburg, AT | 380 |
| LDlocation not on record | 343 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 327 |
| Zürich, CH | 269 |
| Zürich, CH | 188 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 152 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 135 |
| Bergen, NO | 125 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 124 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 87 |
| Trondheim, NO | 86 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 75 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 65 |
| BClocation not on record | 59 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 58 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 58 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 49 |
| IFR-DNFlocation not on record | 49 |
| Görlitz, DE | 46 |
| Bern, CH | 33 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 33 |
| KFGBlocation not on record | 31 |
| Uppsala, SE | 28 |
| Paris, FR | 26 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 22 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 18 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 16 |
| Vitoria, ES | 16 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 16 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 15 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 15 |
| Barcelona, ES | 14 |
| nbflocation not on record | 13 |
| València, ES | 13 |
| MAlocation not on record | 13 |
| Mlocation not on record | 12 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 12 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 11 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 10 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 9 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 9 |
| Kostrzyca Forest Gene Banklocation not on record | 9 |
| Bourges, FR | 9 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 8 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 7 |
| Glarus, CH | 7 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 6 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 6 |
| Wlocation not on record | 6 |
| Berlin, DE | 5 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 5 |
| University of Gdansk, Dept. of Plant Taxonomy & Nature Conservationlocation not on record | 5 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 5 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 5 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 4 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Saint Louis, US | 4 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 4 |
| Dresden, DE | 4 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 3 |
| Salamanca, ES | 3 |
| Pamplona, ES | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 3 |
| Alicante, ES | 3 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 3 |
| Podgorica, ME | 2 |
| Boise, US | 2 |
| H-Wolflocation not on record | 2 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tilburg, NL | 2 |
| PRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Badajoz, ES | 2 |
| Oulu, FI | 2 |
| Madrid, ES | 2 |
| Göteborg, SE | 2 |
| Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 2 |
| Monastir, TN | 2 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 1 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Dhaka, BD | 1 |
| Lausanne, CH | 1 |
| NTNU University Museum, Department of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sevilla, ES | 1 |
| Glocation not on record | 1 |
| ROM007location not on record | 1 |
| Salvador, BR | 1 |
| Orto botanico dell'Università degli Studi di Catanialocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| Sant Julià de Lòria, AD | 1 |
| Sion, CH | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Turlock, US | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Fulda, DE | 1 |
| Gijón, ES | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| AUT001location not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Arnica montana was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.