Arion fuscus

(O.F.Müller, 1774) · species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Animalia/Mollusca/Gastropoda/Stylommatophora/Arionidae/Arion

At a glance

Occurrence records20 012

Data sources8

Biological traits0

DNA specimens330

eDNA detections346

Sources8 archives

Databases and archives Arion fuscus's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility20 012 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI346 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics330 specimens↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗

GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗

On this page4 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Occurrence & distributionGBIF20 012 records

Environmental DNA3 datasets · 8 countries346 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD330 specimens

01Narrative

Arion fuscus, also known as the "dusky arion", is a species of small air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) is considered by some authors to be a partial synonym for Arion fuscus. Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) and A. fuscus (Müller, 1774) have very similar morphology and have overlapping distributional ranges in northwestern Europe. Arion fuscus is widespread throughout Central, North and East Europe whereas A. subfuscus is restricted to West Europe. (For practical purposes the two are synonyms in Germany and in the Czech Republic.) The two taxa are referred to as the species complex Arion subfuscus/fuscus both members having several evolutionary lineages. They are only separable by alloenzyme analysis and gonad type.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

No structured trait data for this taxon yet.

05DNA & barcoding330 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Arion fuscus has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens330

BINs3

Marker genes1

eDNA detections346

Countries8

The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen

COI-5P655 bp consensus270 specimens

ACGT

▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies

Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 88% of positions are identical in every specimen.

Where individuals differ — all 78 variable positions, in barcode order

2Cvariable

3Tvariable

4Gvariable

5Tvariable

6Avariable

7Cvariable

9Tvariable

10Avariable

11Avariable

13Tvariable

14Tvariable

17Gvariable

18Gvariable

20Avariable

21Tvariable

23Tvariable

24Gvariable

25Avariable

26Avariable

28Tvariable

29Gvariable

31Cvariable

32Cvariable

33Tvariable

34Gvariable

35Gvariable

37Avariable

39Gvariable

40Tvariable

41Tvariable

42Cvariable

43Avariable

44Gvariable

45Gvariable

46Tvariable

47Avariable

48Tvariable

49Avariable

50Tvariable

51Cvariable

54Tvariable

55Cvariable

56Cvariable

58Gvariable

59Avariable

61Tvariable

62Cvariable

63Gvariable

64Gvariable

65Tvariable

66Tvariable

67Avariable

68Gvariable

69Avariable

71Tvariable

72Tvariable

74Gvariable

75Gvariable

76Tvariable

77Avariable

78Cvariable

79Cvariable

82Avariable

83Avariable

84Cvariable

85Avariable

86Gvariable

87Gvariable

88Cvariable

89Avariable

91Tvariable

92Tvariable

93Tvariable

95Amostly conserved

96Cmostly conserved

97Amostly conserved

397Avariable

655Tmostly conserved

TCTGTACTTAATTTTTGGTATTTGAAGTGGCCTGGTAGGTTCAGGTATATCATTCCTGATTCGGTTAGAATTAGGTACCACAACAGGCAT …

Variant network

Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.

Diversity (π)6.2%

Haplotypes11

BINs2

Most divergent pair2.1%

N.AmericaEurope

Closest relatives by DNA barcode

The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.

Arion baeticussame genus16.8%Arion molinaesame genus17.1%same genus17.4%Arion fuligineussame genus17.6%

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★COI-5P

animal barcode

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type20 012 records

Wild obs. + sensor7 144

Museum / vouchered12 859

Other9

Origin

Native1 263

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO47 320 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy77% within 1 km

≤100 m 3 107≤1 km 1 914≤10 km 1 377>10 km 82

6 480 georeferenced · 664 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor7 144

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy41% within 1 km

≤100 m 463≤1 km 800≤10 km 1 464>10 km 345

3 072 georeferenced · 9 787 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence12 859

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions13 of 29 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Gothenburg, SE	9 402
Helsinki, FI	1 186
Bern, CH	623
Paro, BT	451
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record	445
University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomicslocation not on record	72
Universität Zürich, Naturhistorisches Museumlocation not on record	64
SNSDlocation not on record	41
Dhaka, BD	34
BioFokuslocation not on record	32
Tromsø, NO	30
MZLUlocation not on record	28
Saint John, CA	25
Musee d'Histoire Naturallelocation not on record	18
Geneva, CH	12
Kuopio, FI	7
NTNU-VMlocation not on record	7
Frankfurt am Main	6
Salzburg, AT	5
Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova \| Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record	5
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record	4
NNMLlocation not on record	4
Centre for Biodiversity Genomicslocation not on record	4
Biodiversity Institute of Ontariolocation not on record	4
Chicago, US	4
Metsähallituslocation not on record	2
DOI/FWS, Kenai National Wildlife Refugelocation not on record	1
European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT)location not on record	1
Philadelphia, US	1

29 institutions · 12 518 of 12 859 vouchered records shown · 341 without an institution code

09Environmental DNA346 detections

Where the DNA of Arion fuscus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found346

Studies independent surveys3

Countries8

Verifiable raw sequence linked2

Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 346 detections have coordinates

Open the map8 countries0

ForestduneRiparian ZoneGrasslandWetlandMixed Habitat

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median16.4 °C 10.8–18.9

Seasonal swing summer↔winter26.4 °C

Max temp (day)20.9 °C 14.1–23.4

Min temp (night)13.1 °C 7.20–15.4

Precipitation87.3 mm/mo 77.4–131

Air humidity59.9 % 56.8–62.4

Moisture balance-42.1 mm/mo -65.4–26.0

Vapour deficit746 Pa 496–858

Wind speed2.90 m/s 2.20–4.00

Cloud cover42.6 % 38.6–55.0

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 299 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

←→tabs

The Life Data · species page · narrative wired to read_model image placeholder · 3D tilt requires an http server (WebGL)

Arion fuscus

At a glance

Sources8 archives

At a glance

Record type20 012 records

Origin

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions13 of 29 geolocated

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Modelled climatemodelled

Record type20 012 records