Argemone mexicana
speciesAt a glance
Sources18 archives
Databases and archives Argemone mexicana's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation17 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility10 036 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System10 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI19 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics35 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
giftgenome & karyotype
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Argemone mexicana - MHNT Flower bud of Prickly Poppy which is a common weed of India picture is taken at Beliatore ,West Bengal, India Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, cardo or cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. An extremely hardy pioneer plant, it is tolerant of drought and poor soil, often being the only cover on new road cuttings or verges. It has bright yellow latex. It is poisonous to grazing animals, and it is rarely eaten, but it has been used medicinally by many peoples, including those in its native area, as well as the Natives of the western US, parts of Mexico and many parts of India. In India, during the colorful festival Holika Dahan, adults and children worship by offering flowers, and this species is in its maximum flowering phase during March when the Holi festival is celebrated. It is also referred to as "kateli ka phool” in India.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology13
Life cycle & reproduction14
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment13
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits2
Compounds documented for Argemone mexicana across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds100 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAT | 393,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| LINOLEIC-ACID | 188,600 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PROTEIN | 181,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| OLEIC-ACID | 85,800 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| RICINOLEIC-ACID | 39,300 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PALMITOLIC-ACID | 23,600 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| RESIN | 17,500 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| TANNIN | 11,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ALKALOIDS | 1,250 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PROTOPINE | 840 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Argemone mexicana has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Argemone mexicana carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2813×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 · CCDB · eflora +3
2n 1121×CCDB · book-fedorov
n 1413×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 +1
n 282×CCDB · book-ipcn66 · CCDB · iapt
n 71×CCDB · iapt
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type10 046 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions145 of 284 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Paris, FR | 267 |
| Saint Louis, US | 167 |
| Durango, MX | 159 |
| Mexico City, MX | 74 |
| Bronx, US | 72 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 55 |
| Tampa, US | 53 |
| Mérida, MX | 41 |
| Baroda, IN | 41 |
| Mexico City, MX | 40 |
| Miami, US | 38 |
| Kew, GB | 35 |
| Department of Plant Resources, National Herbarium and Plant Laboratorieslocation not on record | 33 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 33 |
| Culiacán, MX | 31 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 31 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 31 |
| Tlalnepantla, MX | 27 |
| Salvador, BR | 26 |
| Brisbane, AU | 24 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 23 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 20 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 18 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 17 |
| Chapingo, MX | 16 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 16 |
| Giardini Botanici Hanburylocation not on record | 14 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 14 |
| Masindi, UG | 14 |
| Austin, US | 14 |
| Tapachula, MX | 13 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 12 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 12 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 12 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 12 |
| LDlocation not on record | 12 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 11 |
| Kathmandu, NP | 11 |
| Beijing, CN | 11 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 10 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 10 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 10 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 10 |
| Mérida, MX | 10 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 10 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 9 |
| Berlin, DE | 9 |
| Fort Worth, US | 9 |
| Bloomington, US | 9 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 9 |
| León, NI | 9 |
| Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record | 8 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 8 |
| EL PASO, US | 8 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 8 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 8 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 8 |
| Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 8 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 7 |
| National Museum of Natural Sciencelocation not on record | 7 |
| San Diego, US | 7 |
| San Francisco de Campeche, MX | 7 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 7 |
| Mexico City, MX | 7 |
| Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Moreloslocation not on record | 7 |
| Görlitz, DE | 6 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 6 |
| CASlocation not on record | 6 |
| Taipei, TW | 6 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| Loja, EC | 6 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique / Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoleslocation not on record | 6 |
| Chengdu, CN | 6 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 6 |
| Hermosillo, MX | 6 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 6 |
| Taipei, TW | 6 |
| Ischia Marine Centrelocation not on record | 5 |
| Burlington, US | 5 |
| Dehra Dun, IN | 5 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 5 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 5 |
| Auckland, NZ | 5 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 5 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 5 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 5 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 5 |
| Kunming, CN | 5 |
| Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record | 5 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 4 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 4 |
| Plocation not on record | 4 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 4 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 4 |
| Canberra, AU | 4 |
| Université du Lomélocation not on record | 4 |
| Durban, ZA | 4 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 4 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 4 |
| Castelar, AR | 4 |
| Riverside, US | 4 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 4 |
| Corrientes, AR | 4 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 4 |
| Zacatecas, MX | 4 |
| Chicago, US | 4 |
| Blumenau, BR | 4 |
| College Park, US | 4 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 4 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 4 |
| Maringá, BR | 4 |
| Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record | 4 |
| Phoenix, US | 4 |
| New Haven, US | 4 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipaslocation not on record | 4 |
| Sucre, BO | 3 |
| University of Johannesburglocation not on record | 3 |
| Stockholm, SE | 3 |
| Université de Strasbourglocation not on record | 3 |
| Brasília, BR | 3 |
| Cambridge, US | 3 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 3 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 3 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 3 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 3 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 3 |
| GB | 3 |
| Olocation not on record | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 3 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 2 |
| Otaru, JP | 2 |
| Kensington, AU | 2 |
| James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record | 2 |
| La Paz, MX | 2 |
| BMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Université National du Béninlocation not on record | 2 |
| HACAMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 2 |
| Emporia, US | 2 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 2 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| Uppsala, SE | 2 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 2 |
| Department of Botany Herbarium Ahmadu Bello University, Zarialocation not on record | 2 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 2 |
| Cascavel, BR | 2 |
| Long Beach, US | 2 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Wlocation not on record | 2 |
| HUENFlocation not on record | 2 |
| Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahualocation not on record | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| Vancouver, CA | 2 |
| La Paz, BO | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record | 2 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Beijing Normal Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Córdoba, AR | 2 |
| Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record | 2 |
| Brookings, US | 2 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 2 |
| Tampere, FI | 2 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 2 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 2 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 2 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 2 |
| Helsinki, FI | 2 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 2 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 2 |
| Clocation not on record | 2 |
| Haramaya Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Mlocation not on record | 2 |
| UTFPR-DVlocation not on record | 2 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 2 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 2 |
| HEMlocation not on record | 2 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Zürich, CH | 2 |
| PRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 2 |
| San José, CR | 2 |
| GRAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Seoul, KR | 1 |
| St. Paul, US | 1 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 1 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cuenca, EC | 1 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 1 |
| Qarshi Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Hargeisalocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Whitewater, US | 1 |
| Edward O. Wilson Biodiversity Laboratory, Gorongosa NPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 1 |
| Wuhan, CN | 1 |
| Universidad de Pamplona (UPamplona)location not on record | 1 |
| Post Graduate College Bannulocation not on record | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| BClocation not on record | 1 |
| València, ES | 1 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 1 |
| WINlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bern, CH | 1 |
| Barcelona, ES | 1 |
| San Luis Potosí, MX | 1 |
| Podgorica, ME | 1 |
| Williamsburg, US | 1 |
| ESP003location not on record | 1 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Arequipa, PE | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Agrarialocation not on record | 1 |
| Sangmiung Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 1 |
| Asheville, US | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Nunoa, Santiago, CL | 1 |
| Alcaldía Municipal de Garzón en Huilalocation not on record | 1 |
| ROM007location not on record | 1 |
| South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Santiago de Cali, CO | 1 |
| National University of Lesotholocation not on record | 1 |
| UChlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 1 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 1 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 1 |
| Glocation not on record | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| National Botanical Research Institutelocation not on record | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 1 |
| Centro Cultural Santo Domingolocation not on record | 1 |
| Quito, EC | 1 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 1 |
| Arusha, TZ | 1 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 1 |
| Managua, NI | 1 |
| Fundación Miguel Lillolocation not on record | 1 |
| Staten Island, US | 1 |
| Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record | 1 |
| Institut Botanique Ake-Assi d'Andokoilocation not on record | 1 |
| Puebla, MX | 1 |
| UFABClocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 1 |
| Guasave, MX | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 1 |
| DBEVlocation not on record | 1 |
| GMBAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 1 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 1 |
| NO DISPONIBLElocation not on record | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| Brasília, BR | 1 |
| Madison, US | 1 |
| San Angelo, US | 1 |
| South Kensington, GB | 1 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 1 |
| URCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Porto Velho, BR | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 1 |
| UESBlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 1 |
| New Brunswick, US | 1 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 1 |
| Aarhus, DK | 1 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 1 |
| BGPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Argemone mexicana was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.