Schwarzkopf-Steinwälzer im Schlichtkleid Der Schwarzkopf-Steinwälzer (Arenaria melanocephala) ist eine monotypische Vogelart aus der Familie der Schnepfenvögel. Die Art kommt ausschließlich in der Nearktis vor. Verglichen mit dem nahe verwandten und zirkumpolar vertretenen Steinwälzer ist das Verbreitungsgebiet des Schwarzkopf-Steinwälzers sehr klein. Die IUCN stuft den Schwarzkopf-Steinwälzer als ungefährdet (least concern) ein.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
⚠ sources differ — AmnioteDB: 119 g · AVONET: 126 g · EltonTraits: 126 g
Body mass (female)130 g
Body mass (male)115 g
Hand-wing index51.1
Kipp's distance72.5 mm
Secondary length69.5 mm
Tail length61.2 mm
Tarsus length25.8 mm
Wing length142 mm
Life cycle & reproduction4
Egg mass17.3 g
Incubation21.5 days
Litter size4
Litters per year1 /year
Diet & foraging4
Ground100 %
Invertebrate100 %
Trophic levelcarnivore
Trophic nicheAquatic predator
Habitat & environment6
HabitatCoastal
Habitat saltwateryes
Habitat zoneothers
Migration3.0
Primary lifestyleTerrestrial
Range size83 413 km²
05DNA & barcoding8 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Arenaria melanocephala has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens8
BINs1
Marker genes1
eDNA detections8
Countries1
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P1 551 bp consensus6 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 99% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Where individuals differ — all 12 variable positions, in barcode order
Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.
Diversity (π)0.34%
Haplotypes3
BIN1
Most divergent pair0.39%
Other
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P
animal barcode
Organelle genome
Besides the big genome in the nucleus, cells carry a small, circular loop of DNA inside the cell's energy factories — the mitochondria. It is inherited almost only from the mother and is a leftover from ancient bacteria that moved into the cell. The mitochondrial markers above (ND*, COX, CYTB…) are read from exactly this loop. Outer ring = one strand, inner ring = the other.
▸ Tap any coloured segment — or a gene chip — to see what it is
Pick a coloured segment on the ring — or a gene chip — to read what that gene does.
protein-codingrRNAtRNA
07Deep time2.58–0.01 Ma
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
Fossil range2.58–0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Dated fossil finds3
StatusStill living record runs to the present
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Arenaria melanocephala. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy91% within 1 km
≤100 m 4 707≤1 km 2 243≤10 km 561>10 km 142
7 653 georeferenced · 295 980 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor303 633
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy22% within 1 km
≤100 m 95≤1 km 112≤10 km 473>10 km 270
950 georeferenced · 322 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 272
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions26 of 44 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Berkeley, US
159
Cambridge, US
123
Ann Arbor, US
87
US
87
CASlocation not on record
84
San Diego, US
65
Edmonton, CA
65
Seattle, US
62
Los Angeles, US
62
Tacoma, US
53
Philadelphia, US
51
Chicago, US
50
Toronto, CA
48
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record
46
New Haven, US
24
Vancouver, CA
24
21
Washington State University, Charles R. Conner Museumlocation not on record
18
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
18
Zacatecas, MX
15
Denver, US
13
Mongolian Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
11
Delaware Museum of Nature and Sciencelocation not on record
11
Ohio State University - Bird Division, Columbus, OH (OSUM)location not on record
10
Washington, US
10
Wuzhou, CN
7
University of California Los Angeleslocation not on record
6
München, DE
5
Louisiana State University, Museum of Zoologylocation not on record
5
Arizona State University Biocollectionslocation not on record
4
Brussels, BE
3
RBINS-Scientific Heritagelocation not on record
3
Iowa City, US
2
Geneva, CH
2
Chicago, US
2
Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental Collegelocation not on record
1
University of Nebraska State Museumlocation not on record
1
Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collectionlocation not on record
1
Albany, US
1
Helsinki, FI
1
California State University, Long Beachlocation not on record
1
University of Wyoming Museum of Vertebrateslocation not on record
1
Universidad Católica de Manizaleslocation not on record
1
University of Victorialocation not on record
1
44 institutions · 1 265 of 1 272 vouchered records shown · 4 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA8 detections
Where the DNA of Arenaria melanocephala was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found8
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 8 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median4.00 °C -0.3–8.40
Seasonal swing summer↔winter30.5 °C
Max temp (day)7.50 °C 2.60–12.5
Min temp (night)-0.3 °C -3.30–2.70
Precipitation47.1 mm/mo 35.7–58.5
Air humidity59.7 % 53.7–65.7
Moisture balance-21.4 mm/mo -55.1–12.4
Vapour deficit399 Pa 262–537
Wind speed2.90 m/s 2.20–3.60
Cloud cover59.2 % 53.2–65.2
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 2 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation10 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility304 882 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System35 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI8 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics8 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
IOC World Bird ListIOCbird checklist↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗