Arctostaphylos columbiana
Piper · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Arctostaphylos columbiana's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 233 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI5 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics8 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Arctostaphylos columbiana is a species of manzanita known by the common name hairy manzanita. It is native to the coast of western North America from northern California to southwestern British Columbia. This large manzanita is a shrub or small tree, usually 1–5 meters tall. It is erect with hairy branches. The leaves are oval-shaped and are usually 2-6 centimeters long and 2-3 wide, pale bluish green, fuzzy on both surfaces, occasionally glandular. The small, white, urn-shaped flowers are borne in bunched inflorescences. The fruit is a red drupe about a centimeter in diameter. The seed requires either fire or consumption by animals in order for germination to occur. This manzanita grows in open, rocky areas. It is sometimes grown as a garden ornamental. Hybrids with Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (named Arctostaphylos x media) commonly occur where the two parent species grow in proximity.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology4
Life cycle & reproduction24
Habitat & environment22
Physiology & chemistry20
Uses & economy15
Other traits7
Compounds documented for Arctostaphylos columbiana across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds14 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (3R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| beta-Amyrin | present | LOTUS | |
| beta-Sitosterol | present | LOTUS | |
| Elaeodendroside V | present | NPASS | |
| Elaeodendroside W | present | NPASS | |
| Ellagic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| Gallic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| Hydroquinone | present | LOTUS | |
| hydroquinone-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Arctostaphylos columbiana has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Arctostaphylos columbiana carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 261×CCDB · eflora
n 132×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type4 233 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions42 of 59 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| CASlocation not on record | 153 |
| Corvallis, US | 120 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 102 |
| Claremont, US | 91 |
| Arcata, US | 86 |
| Davis, US | 60 |
| Vancouver, CA | 55 |
| Pullman, US | 40 |
| Angwin, US | 38 |
| Tacoma, US | 24 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 19 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 17 |
| Victoria, CA | 12 |
| US | 11 |
| Los Angeles, US | 9 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 9 |
| Portland, US | 7 |
| Madison, US | 7 |
| Riverside, US | 7 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 6 |
| San Diego, US | 6 |
| Austin, US | 6 |
| Saint Louis, US | 6 |
| Moscow, US | 6 |
| Bronx, US | 5 |
| DOI/NPS, Mount Rainier National Parklocation not on record | 4 |
| Bend, US | 4 |
| HJAEFlocation not on record | 4 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 3 |
| San Jose, US | 3 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 3 |
| Cheney, US | 3 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 2 |
| Columbia, US | 2 |
| St. Paul, US | 2 |
| Stockholm, SE | 2 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 2 |
| Chadron, US | 1 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Walla Walla, US | 1 |
| Ashland, US | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Fullerton, US | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| Calabar, NG | 1 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of British Columbialocation not on record | 1 |
| Research Collection of B. A. Bennettlocation not on record | 1 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| University of British Columbia, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 1 |
| Baltimore, US | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| Portland, US | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Arctostaphylos columbiana was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.