Aporia leucodice

(Eversmann, 1843) · species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Aporia

At a glance

Occurrence records199

Data sources7

Biological traits0

DNA specimens64

eDNA detections27

Sources7 archives

Databases and archives Aporia leucodice's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility199 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI27 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics64 specimens↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗

On this page4 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Occurrence & distributionGBIF199 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 7 countries27 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD64 specimens

01Narrative

Aporia leucodice, the Himalayan blackvein, is a mid-sized to large butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites, which is found in India.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

No structured trait data for this taxon yet.

05DNA & barcoding64 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Aporia leucodice has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens64

BINs6

Marker genes2

eDNA detections27

Countries9

The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen

COI-5P658 bp consensus54 specimens

ACGT

▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies

Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 87% of positions are identical in every specimen.

Where individuals differ — all 88 variable positions, in barcode order

4Tvariable

22Avariable

38Gvariable

40Tvariable

43Tmostly conserved

49Tvariable

59Cvariable

79Cvariable

82Tmostly conserved

85Tvariable

91Avariable

92Tvariable

101Amostly conserved

115Cvariable

127Cvariable

139Tvariable

178Tvariable

190Tvariable

193Cmostly conserved

200Avariable

212Tmostly conserved

217Amostly conserved

220Avariable

223Amostly conserved

226Cvariable

232Tvariable

241Avariable

250Cvariable

268Amostly conserved

271Cvariable

274Cvariable

284Cmostly conserved

295Gvariable

298Tvariable

304Tmostly conserved

316Tvariable

322Amostly conserved

337Avariable

340Cmostly conserved

343Tvariable

346Tmostly conserved

347Tmostly conserved

349Amostly conserved

352Cvariable

355Amostly conserved

361Tvariable

364Tmostly conserved

367Tvariable

370Amostly conserved

373Cmostly conserved

376Tmostly conserved

379Tvariable

385Tmostly conserved

391Tmostly conserved

400Tmostly conserved

401Tvariable

421Cvariable

427Tmostly conserved

428Tvariable

433Amostly conserved

445Tvariable

463Tvariable

469Amostly conserved

477Amostly conserved

484Amostly conserved

499Amostly conserved

517Tmostly conserved

520Tmostly conserved

529Cvariable

547Amostly conserved

548Tmostly conserved

550Amostly conserved

556Tvariable

580Amostly conserved

589Cvariable

596Cmostly conserved

601Tmostly conserved

607Cmostly conserved

616Cvariable

619Tmostly conserved

628Avariable

631Amostly conserved

634Tmostly conserved

637Tvariable

640Tvariable

646Tmostly conserved

653Tmostly conserved

658Tvariable

AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATAGTTGGTACATCTTTAAGTTTACTAATTCGAACTGAATTAGGCAATCCTGGATC …

Variant network

Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.

Diversity (π)4.8%

Haplotypes12

BINs6

Most divergent pair9.4%

OtherAsiaAfrica

Closest relatives by DNA barcode

The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.

Aporia lhamosame genus5.6%Aporia procrissame genus5.8%Aporia hastatasame genus7.9%Aporia hippiasame genus8.5%Aporia crataegisame genus8.7%

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★COI-3P★COI-5P

animal barcode

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type199 records

Wild obs. + sensor111

Museum / vouchered88

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO516 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy73% within 1 km

≤100 m 39≤1 km 33≤10 km 22>10 km 4

98 georeferenced · 13 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor111

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy14% within 1 km

≤100 m 5≤10 km 12>10 km 18

35 georeferenced · 53 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence88

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions4 of 10 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Helsinki, FI	15
Cambridge, US	13
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record	6
Research Collection of Dino Della Brunalocation not on record	5
Zürich, CH	1
Research Collection of Gian Cristoforo Bozanolocation not on record	1
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record	1
Denver, US	1
Research Collection of Wolfgang Ten Hagenlocation not on record	1
Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koeniglocation not on record	1

10 institutions · 45 of 88 vouchered records shown · 43 without an institution code

09Environmental DNA27 detections

Where the DNA of Aporia leucodice was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found27

Studies independent surveys1

Countries7

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 27 detections have coordinates

Open the map7 countries0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median11.0 °C 1.80–20.5

Seasonal swing summer↔winter25.2 °C

Max temp (day)15.4 °C 5.40–25.7

Min temp (night)5.10 °C -3.90–13.5

Precipitation89.1 mm/mo 35.0–162

Air humidity55.9 % 49.1–61.1

Moisture balance-33.2 mm/mo -118–68.7

Vapour deficit552 Pa 279–1,245

Wind speed2.10 m/s 1.40–4.80

Cloud cover25.5 % 19.3–30.9

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 26 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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