Apios fortunei, commonly known as hodo, hodoimo, groundnut, or potatobean, is a tuber-forming member of the Bean family. It is a native plant of Eastern China and Japan. It is one of three species in the genus Apios that are known to produce edible tubers, although it has generally been considered an emergency, or famine food or medicinal plant. A study done on the chemical composition of the tubers found that starch was the predominant carbohydrate, although smaller amounts of sucrose and glucose were found and almost no fructose was found. In the wild, Apios fortunei is often found near brooks. Apios fortunei is a perennial climbing vine. The leaves are pinnate with 3-7 leaflets and are ovate or lanceolate in shape, 3–7 cm long. Flowers have been variously described as whitish-green, light yellowish-green with a red purple edge on the wing petal, or sulphurous green with rosy wing petals. The flowers form pseudoracemes or terminal panicles, 6–26 cm long. The flowers are showy and have ornamental potential. Legume fruits are linear, 7–8 cm long and 5–6 mm wide.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Apios fortunei has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens3
Marker genes3
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections3
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK3★rbcL1★ITS6
plant barcodefungal barcode
07Deep time~15.6 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin15.6 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type797 records
Wild obs. + sensor54
Museum / vouchered743
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO2 076 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy25% within 1 km
≤100 m 4≤1 km 2≤10 km 3>10 km 15
24 georeferenced · 30 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor54
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy39% within 1 km
≤1 km 23≤10 km 36
59 georeferenced · 684 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence743
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions43 of 77 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Odawara, JP
102
Nagano City, JP
45
Kochi, JP
42
Beijing, CN
38
Tsukuba, JP
33
Shinshu Universitylocation not on record
29
Sanda, JP
25
Tomioka, JP
23
KURAlocation not on record
22
Chengdu, CN
20
Bando, JP
20
Kawasaki Shi Tama Ku, JP
16
Nanchong, CN
16
Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP
15
Toyama, JP
14
Guangzhou, CN
14
Sendai, JP
13
JP
12
Tokushima, JP
12
Nanjing, CN
11
Changsha, CN
10
Iwate Prefectural Museumlocation not on record
10
Chengdu, CN
10
Hangzhou, CN
9
KOMlocation not on record
9
Osaka, JP
9
Zhejiang Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
8
Yangling, CN
8
Sagamihara, JP
7
Ischia Marine Centrelocation not on record
7
Chiba, JP
7
重庆市药物种植研究所药用植物标本馆location not on record
7
Shanghai, CN
7
Shanghai, CN
6
Wuhan, CN
6
Saint Louis, US
5
Omachi Alpine Museumlocation not on record
5
Kunming, CN
5
Zhengzhou, CN
5
Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record
5
Xian, CN
5
Peking Universitylocation not on record
4
Toyota city nature sanctuarylocation not on record
4
Guilin, CN
4
Chengdu, CN
4
Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicinelocation not on record
3
Xiamen, CN
3
Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record
3
Zhuzhou, CN
3
Guiyang, CN
3
Fort Worth, US
3
Universidad Católica de Santa Maríalocation not on record
3
Chapel Hill, US
2
FFPRIlocation not on record
2
Nishihara, JP
2
SIHUlocation not on record
2
Guangzhou, CN
2
Jiangxi Universitylocation not on record
2
Wuhan, CN
2
Guiyang, CN
2
Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record
1
Gifu prefectural Museumlocation not on record
1
KIRMlocation not on record
1
Chongqing Natural History Museumlocation not on record
1
Hangzhou Normal Collegelocation not on record
1
Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record
1
Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botanylocation not on record
1
DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record
1
Museum Of Natural And Environmental History, Shizuokalocation not on record
1
J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record
1
Fukushima Universitylocation not on record
1
Wlocation not on record
1
LDlocation not on record
1
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
1
Beijing Natural History Museumlocation not on record
1
Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record
1
Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record
1
77 institutions · 742 of 743 vouchered records shown · 1 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA3 detections
Where the DNA of Apios fortunei was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found3
Studies independent surveys1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 3 detections have coordinates
Open the map0 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.