A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Aphis grossulariae has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens43
BINs1
Marker genes3
eDNA detections23
Countries2
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P658 bp consensus21 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 100% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Diversity (π)0.04%
Haplotypes2
BIN1
Most divergent pair0.15%
Where individuals differ — all 1 variable positions, in barcode order
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-3P★COI-5PCYTB
animal barcodemitochondrial
07Deep time~1.04 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin1.04 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type110 records
Wild obs. + sensor56
Museum / vouchered54
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO216 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy52% within 1 km
≤100 m 16≤1 km 13≤10 km 27
56 georeferenced
Open the mapobservation + sensor56
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy43% within 1 km
≤1 km 3≤10 km 1>10 km 3
7 georeferenced · 47 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence54
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions2 of 5 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Copenhagen, DK
38
Essig Museum of Entomologylocation not on record
4
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
4
South Kensington, GB
3
Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collectionlocation not on record
2
5 institutions · 51 of 54 vouchered records shown · 3 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA23 detections
Where the DNA of Aphis grossulariae was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found23
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 23 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median14.9 °C 14.9–14.9
Seasonal swing summer↔winter20.5 °C
Max temp (day)18.5 °C
Min temp (night)11.2 °C
Precipitation75.0 mm/mo
Air humidity59.8 %
Moisture balance-45.7 mm/mo
Vapour deficit678 Pa
Wind speed3.80 m/s
Cloud cover37.7 %
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
