Annona senegalensis, commonly known as African custard-apple, wild custard apple, wild soursop, ' (Mandinka language), and ' (Wolof language) is a species of flowering plant in the custard apple family, Annonaceae. The specific epithet, senegalensis, translates to mean "of Senegal", the country where the type specimen was collected. A traditional food plant in Africa, the fruits of A. senegalensis have the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable land care. Well known where it grows naturally, it is largely unheard of elsewhere.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Annona senegalensis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Annona senegalensis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens9
Marker genes4
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections5
Countries4
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK4★rbcL6★rbcLa★trnL-F
plant barcode
07Deep time~17.8 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin17.8 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type5 373 records
Wild obs. + sensor4 227
Museum / vouchered867
Cultivated / captive17
Other262
Origin
Native1
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO10 560 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy76% within 1 km
≤100 m 188≤1 km 42≤10 km 49>10 km 22
301 georeferenced · 3 926 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor4 227
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy21% within 1 km
≤100 m 2≤1 km 5≤10 km 26
33 georeferenced · 834 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence867
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 17
17 georeferenced
Open the mapnot free-living17
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions17 of 65 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Saint Louis, US
88
Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI)location not on record
62
Kew, GB
58
Yaoundé, CM
51
Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record
32
LBVlocation not on record
31
Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record
29
WAGlocation not on record
29
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique / Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoleslocation not on record
27
Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record
25
Frankfurt am Main
21
HNBlocation not on record
18
Plocation not on record
16
CNF-UFHBlocation not on record
15
Paris, FR
11
Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record
9
BRLUlocation not on record
9
Xiamen, CN
9
Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record
9
LSFlocation not on record
8
IPHAMETRAlocation not on record
8
Bronx, US
7
IFAN Ch. A. Dioplocation not on record
7
EFGlocation not on record
7
Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record
7
LSF/FSA/UAClocation not on record
4
CJBGlocation not on record
4
Stockholm, SE
4
Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record
4
Wlocation not on record
4
Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée (IRAG)location not on record
4
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record
3
Pretoria, ZA
3
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
3
Glocation not on record
3
MeiseBGlocation not on record
3
University of Santo Tomas Museumlocation not on record
2
Université du Lomélocation not on record
2
Davis, US
2
MAlocation not on record
2
Goucher Collegelocation not on record
2
Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rurallocation not on record
2
Elocation not on record
2
Calabar, NG
2
Salvador, BR
2
LDlocation not on record
2
Berlin, DE
1
Eduardo Mondlane Universitylocation not on record
1
Université National du Béninlocation not on record
1
Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN/Lwiro)location not on record
1
Edward O. Wilson Biodiversity Laboratory, Gorongosa NPlocation not on record
1
UJlocation not on record
1
University of Johannesburg, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnologylocation not on record
1
National Natural History Collectionslocation not on record
1
Department of Botany Herbarium Ahmadu Bello University, Zarialocation not on record
1
University of Johannesburglocation not on record
1
Beijing, CN
1
Centre National de Semences Forestièreslocation not on record
1
TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record
1
Dresden, DE
1
Dekalb, US
1
DSMlocation not on record
1
Centre National d'Application des Recherches Pharmaceutiques (CNARP)location not on record
1
Institute for Agricultural Research of Mozambiquelocation not on record
1
Monastir, TN
1
65 institutions · 671 of 867 vouchered records shown · 196 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA5 detections
Where the DNA of Annona senegalensis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found5
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 5 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
Riverine woodland
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median23.0 °C 20.4–26.3
Seasonal swing summer↔winter6.90 °C
Max temp (day)27.7 °C 25.6–31.6
Min temp (night)18.1 °C 15.8–21.1
Precipitation54.1 mm/mo 18.9–113
Air humidity58.8 % 57.6–60.2
Moisture balance-59.5 mm/mo -79.9–-49.6
Vapour deficit1,151 Pa 971–1,437
Wind speed2.50 m/s 1.90–3.00
Cloud cover22.1 % 16.2–39.2
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 4 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation9 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility5 373 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI5 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics9 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗