Anaxyrus americanus
(Holbrook, 1836) · speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Anaxyrus americanus's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
Animal Diversity WebUniv. of Michigan MZspecies account↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility117 706 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI4 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics103 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
Amphibian Species of the WorldAMNHamphibian catalog↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
The American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. It is divided into three subspecies: the eastern American toad (A. a. americanus), the dwarf American toad (A. a. charlesmithi) and the rare Hudson Bay toad (A. a. copei). Recent taxonomic treatments place this species in the genus Anaxyrus instead of Bufo.Review: The Amphibian Tree of Life, by Frost, D.R. et al., Amphibiatree
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology2
Life cycle & reproduction12
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment1
Physiology & chemistry2
Other traits6
Compounds documented for Anaxyrus americanus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile3 classes
Documented compounds7 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2S)-5-amino-2-[[8-[[(1R,2S,4R,6R,7R,10R,11S,14R,16S)-16-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadecan-14-yl]oxy]-8-oxooctanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-5-amino-2-[[8-[[(1R,2S,4R,6R,7R,10S,11R,14S,16S)-16-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadecan-14-yl]oxy]-8-oxooctanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-5-amino-2-[[8-[[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-5,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-8-oxooctanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (R)-alpha-Phellandrene | present | NPASS | |
| Cinnamyl cinnamate | present | NPASS | |
| Methyleugenol | present | NPASS | |
| trans-cinnamate | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Anaxyrus americanus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
Besides the big genome in the nucleus, cells carry a small, circular loop of DNA inside the cell's energy factories — the mitochondria. It is inherited almost only from the mother and is a leftover from ancient bacteria that moved into the cell. The mitochondrial markers above (ND*, COX, CYTB…) are read from exactly this loop. Outer ring = one strand, inner ring = the other.
The complete instruction manual Anaxyrus americanus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type117 706 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions14 of 31 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 2 173 |
| Washington, US | 1 419 |
| Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 999 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 578 |
| Saint John, CA | 513 |
| Fort Hays State University, Sternberg Museumlocation not on record | 312 |
| APSUlocation not on record | 293 |
| Toronto, CA | 281 |
| Central Michigan University Museum of Cultural and Natural Historylocation not on record | 237 |
| München, DE | 203 |
| Tempe, US | 180 |
| Berkeley, US | 158 |
| Montgomery, US | 119 |
| Natural History Museum of Utahlocation not on record | 114 |
| Southeastern Louisiana University, Vertebrate Museumlocation not on record | 53 |
| Cambridge, US | 28 |
| EL PASO, US | 22 |
| Provo, US | 20 |
| San Diego, US | 16 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 8 |
| University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomicslocation not on record | 7 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 4 |
| UCOCVlocation not on record | 4 |
| Universidad Católica de Manizaleslocation not on record | 4 |
| University of Texas at Arlingtonlocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Wyoming Museum of Vertebrateslocation not on record | 3 |
| UBCBBMlocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Wisconsin, Zoological Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 1 |
Where the DNA of Anaxyrus americanus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.