Anadenanthera peregrina
(L.) Speg. · speciesAt a glance
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Anadenanthera peregrina's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation10 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility1 354 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI3 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Anadenanthera peregrina, also known as yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica or calcium tree, is a perennial tree of the genus Anadenanthera native to the Caribbean and South America. It grows up to 20 m tall, and has a horny bark. Its flowers grow in small, pale yellow to white spherical clusters resembling Acacia (e.g. wattle) inflorescences. It is an entheogen which has been used in healing ceremonies and rituals for thousands of years in northern South America and the Caribbean.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology3
Life cycle & reproduction5
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment10
Physiology & chemistry4
Compounds documented for Anadenanthera peregrina across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds96 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1S,3R,6S,8S,11R,12R,15R,16R)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(2S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol | present | NPASS | |
| (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]butanedioic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]butanedioic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | NPASS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | NPASS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | NPASS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | NPASS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | NPASS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6S,6'S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6'-methoxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | NPASS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Anadenanthera peregrina has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type1 354 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions28 of 107 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Bronx, US | 96 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 61 |
| Brasília, BR | 56 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 48 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 45 |
| Kew, GB | 44 |
| Brasília, BR | 38 |
| Saint Louis, US | 35 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 32 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 27 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 23 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 22 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 20 |
| Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreallocation not on record | 17 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 16 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 16 |
| Chicago, US | 15 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 14 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 13 |
| Salvador, BR | 13 |
| HUENFlocation not on record | 13 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 11 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 11 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 10 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 10 |
| UFSCarlocation not on record | 10 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 9 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 9 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 8 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 8 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 8 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 8 |
| Jataí / Setor Industrial, BR | 7 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 6 |
| Museum of Zoologylocation not on record | 6 |
| Masindi, UG | 6 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 5 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 5 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 5 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 5 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 5 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Blumenau, BR | 4 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 4 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 4 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 3 |
| LDlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 3 |
| UNESP-IBILCElocation not on record | 3 |
| FPMZBlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 3 |
| ESALQlocation not on record | 3 |
| South Kensington, GB | 3 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 3 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 3 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 3 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Espírito Santolocation not on record | 3 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Wlocation not on record | 2 |
| Cuiabá, BR | 2 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 2 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 2 |
| UTFPR-SLlocation not on record | 2 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 2 |
| Paris, FR | 2 |
| Cascavel, BR | 2 |
| Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Ministry of Agriculturelocation not on record | 2 |
| UNITINSlocation not on record | 2 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 2 |
| Flagstaff, US | 2 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 2 |
| UFVJMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record | 2 |
| Centro de Estudios y Colecciones Biológicas para la Conservaciónlocation not on record | 2 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 1 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 1 |
| Universidad de Nariño (UdeNar)location not on record | 1 |
| Fundación Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio Uribe de Medellínlocation not on record | 1 |
| FUNEDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Champaign, US | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
| UEMAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universität Tübingenlocation not on record | 1 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Botánicas y Zoológicas - Prof. Rafael M. Moscoso, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingolocation not on record | 1 |
| Maringá, BR | 1 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| UFRRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UTFPR-DVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade de São Paulolocation not on record | 1 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Paulistalocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)location not on record | 1 |
| UNICAPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Goiáslocation not on record | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| PUC-RIOlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-ISlocation not on record | 1 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Anadenanthera peregrina was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.